Table 1.
Correlations and descriptive statistics among main variables
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Scale range | M | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Gender | – | – | 1.69 | 0.46 | − 0.80 | − 1.36 | ||||||
| 2 Age | 0.04 | – | – | 19.63 | 1.04 | 0.47 | 1.02 | |||||
| 3 Parent autonomy support | − 0.01 | − 0.09*** | – | 1–5 | 3.80 | 0.66 | − 0.33 | 0.78 | ||||
| 4 Self-regulation | − 0.03 | − 0.12* | 0.44*** | – | 1–7 | 4.52 | 0.62 | 0.29 | 0.48 | |||
| 5 Cognitive engagement | − 0.06* | − 0.13*** | 0.47*** | 0.65*** | – | 1–5 | 3.75 | 0.69 | − 0.31 | 0.65 | ||
| 6 Behavioral engagement | − 0.03 | − 0.10*** | 0.49*** | 0.66*** | 0.75*** | – | 1–5 | 3.71 | 0.68 | − 0.36 | 0.85 | |
| 7 Emotional engagement | − 0.04 | − 0.09*** | 0.51*** | 0.64*** | 0.78*** | 0.85*** | – | 1–5 | 3.81 | 0.67 | − 0.32 | 0.66 |
***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05