Fig. 3.

Dielectric properties characterization for LCE-M hybrid polymers. a, b Complex permittivity and c, d Counter maps of attenuation constant (α) and loss tangent (tanδ_e) versus MXene content in 2–18 GHz. Assessment for e α and f tanδ_e in the investigated frequency band. g Assessment for polarization loss (ε″_p) and conduction loss (ε″_c) in the LCE-M samples. h ε″_c in LCE-M samples and their fitted conductivities. i Deconvolution of relaxation peaks based on ε″_p in LCE-M3. j Cole–Cole plots derived from LCE in the frequency range corresponding to peak I and peak II. Cole–Cole plots derived from LCE-M3 in the frequency range corresponding to: k peak I and peak IV; l peak II and m peak III