Figure 4.

Estimation of subpopulation-specific impacts of COVID-19 infection on post-acute inpatient visits at hospital A (target hospital) using Latent-TL pipeline

The first column illustrates effect sizes estimated by applying standard causal inference within each hospital. The second column shows effect sizes after standardizing the source samples via a weighting mechanism in alignment with the patient characteristics in the target hospital. The final column showcases the causal effects by incorporating the source hospital in a cumulative manner, highlighting the efficiency gains by involving data from source hospitals cumulatively using the Latent-TL pipeline. The error bars represent 95% confidence intervals of estimates. The estimates, marked with the star, have the highest estimation efficiency and are showcased in Figure 6.