Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients aged <21 with chronic conditions in the study analyzing the post-acute healthcare utilization outcomes following COVID-19 diagnosis in the pediatric population utilizing the Latent-TL pipeline
| COVID-19 infection (N = 49,430) | No COVID-19 infection (N = 382,735) | Overall (N = 432,165) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (%) | |||
| <5 | 13,497 (27.31) | 135,466 (35.39) | 148,963 (34.47) |
| 5–11 | 16,172 (32.72) | 126,709 (33.11) | 142,881 (33.06) |
| 12–15 | 10,120 (20.47) | 64,936 (16.97) | 75,056 (17.37) |
| 16–20 | 9,641 (19.50) | 55,624 (14.53) | 65,265 (15.10) |
| Gender (%) | |||
| Female | 23,852 (48.25) | 177,879 (46.48) | 201,731 (46.68) |
| Male | 25,578 (51.75) | 204,856 (53.52) | 230,434 (53.32) |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 22,489 (45.50) | 205,405 (53.67) | 227,894 (52.73) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 12,238 (24.76) | 66,434 (17.36) | 78,672 (18.20) |
| Hispanic | 8,923 (18.05) | 57,619 (15.05) | 66,542 (15.40) |
| Other/unknown | 5,780 (11.69) | 53,277 (13.92) | 59,057 (13.67) |
| Obesity | 16,217 (32.81) | 106,589 (27.85) | 122,806 (28.42) |
| Test location (%) | |||
| ED | 11,645 (23.56) | 69,517 (18.16) | 81,162 (18.78) |
| Inpatient | 2,227 (4.51) | 27,192 (7.10) | 29,419 (6.81) |
| Outpatient | 35,558 (71.94) | 286,026 (74.73) | 321,584 (74.41) |
| Hospital (%) | |||
| A | 9,926 (20.08) | 64,213 (16.78) | 74,139 (17.16) |
| B | 12,335 (24.95) | 92,020 (24.04) | 104,355 (24.15) |
| C | 6,970 (14.10) | 56,241 (14.69) | 63,211 (14.63) |
| D | 1,790 (3.62) | 22,463 (5.87) | 24,253 (5.61) |
| E | 10,843 (21.94) | 68,153 (17.81) | 78,996 (18.28) |
| F | 3,126 (6.32) | 28,642 (7.48) | 31,768 (7.35) |
| G | 3,374 (6.83) | 27,944 (7.30) | 31,318 (7.25) |
| H | 1,066 (2.16) | 23,059 (6.02) | 24,125 (5.58) |
| Entry time (%) | |||
| 2020Q1Q2 | 1,713 (3.47) | 24,202 (6.32) | 25,915 (6.00) |
| 2020Q3 | 2,824 (5.71) | 48,504 (12.67) | 51,328 (11.88) |
| 2020Q4 | 11,288 (22.84) | 59,940 (15.66) | 71,228 (16.48) |
| 2021Q1 | 8,383 (16.96) | 52,815 (13.80) | 61,198 (14.16) |
| 2021Q2 | 4,747 (9.60) | 55,311 (14.45) | 60,058 (13.90) |
| 2021Q3 | 9,786 (19.80) | 70,337 (18.38) | 80,123 (18.54) |
| 2021Q4 | 10,689 (21.62) | 71,626 (18.71) | 82,315 (19.05) |
| Acute-phase illness severitya(%) | |||
| Asymptomatic | 31,701 (64.13) | 199,907 (52.23) | 231,608 (53.59) |
| Mild | 13,338 (26.98) | 88,453 (23.11) | 101,791 (23.55) |
| Moderate | 2,695 (5.45) | 78,463 (20.50) | 81,158 (18.78) |
| Severe | 1,696 (3.43) | 15,912 (4.16) | 17,608 (4.07) |
| Baseline visitsb (averaged per year) | 3.3 (5.8) | 3.1 (5.3) | 3.1 (5.4) |
| Underlying chronic conditionsc(%) | |||
| Allergies | 13,912 (0.281) | 89,489 (0.234) | 103,401 (0.239) |
| Asthma | 9,158 (0.185) | 56,659 (0.148) | 65,817 (0.152) |
| Implant device or graft-related encounter | 5,625 (0.114) | 48,012 (0.125) | 53,637 (0.124) |
| Sleep-wake disorders | 5,722 (0.116) | 47,911 (0.125) | 53,633 (0.124) |
| Esophageal disorders | 4,929 (0.100) | 38,172 (0.100) | 43,101 (0.100) |
This table summarizes the characteristics of patients within the cohort of COVID-19 infection, no infection, and the overall study cohort.
a
The acute-phase severity was evaluated within 27 days after the index date based on criteria developed in Forrest et al.23
b
The baseline visits were reported as the average number of visits within 3 years to 7 days prior to the index date.
c
The period for underlying chronic conditions is from 3 years to 7 days prior to the index date.