| Coproduction |
Coproduction is a collaborative model of research that includes stakeholders such as patients, the public, donors, clinicians, service providers and policy-makers. It is a sharing of power, with stakeholders and researchers working together to develop the agenda, design and implement the research, and interpret, disseminate and implement the findings.9
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| Community-based participatory research (CBPR) |
A collaborative research approach that equitably involves all partners in the research process and aims to combine knowledge with action to achieve sustainable, social change.8 29 A cyclical, iterative process that includes learning research skills and how they can be applied in a local setting while centralising community knowledge and cultures through multidirectional teaching and learning practices. |
| Community researchers (or community co-researchers) |
People directly impacted by the research focus and have an active role in the ‘research partnership’. They are likely to be involved in setting or refining the research agenda, codesigning the research process and collecting and analysing data for social change.36
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| Competence |
Competence is the ability to integrate and apply contextually appropriate knowledge, skills and psychosocial factors (e.g. beliefs, attitudes, values and motivations) to best participate within a specified domain or role.87
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| Conditions |
The sociopolitical, environmental, cultural and economic contexts in which CBPR takes place. |
| Soft and hard skills |
Soft skills could include confidence, self-esteem, effective leadership or communication capacity for people who are less experienced in research or social advocacy.18 These skills have intrinsic value as social empowerment, which can lead to a personal and collective purpose to use coproduced knowledge, to take action and therefore have a sustainable impact on the research aspirations and beyond.43 Hard skills could include technical-based skills like understanding legal frameworks that stand to enable action. |
| Power |
Power may be understood as people’s abilities to affect outcomes relevant to their lives.88 This may include ‘power over’ others but also ‘power to’ act in one’s interests and ‘power with’ others.89 Power is dynamic, relational and exercised in daily life through social practice, drawing on a range of unequally distributed historically and contextually specific social, economic, institutional and political resources.90
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