| Baldwin et al, 20194
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. Postnatal |
To develop an understanding of men’s experiences of first time fatherhood, their mental health and well-being needs |
21 first time fathers with children <12 months.Ages 20 to >60 years (10 Indian, seven white, 1 Spanish, 1 Black African, 1 Black Caribbean, 1 Pakistan, very highly educated) |
National Health Service London boroughs UK |
Framework analysis |
| Baldwin et al, 202128
|
Mixed methods |
Online pre/post questionnaires, and semi-structured telephone interviews. Antenatal and postnatal |
To test the feasibility and acceptability of the Promotional Guide system with first time fathers and pilot potential outcome measures to assess their mental health and well-being |
10 first time fathers were interviewed for the qualitative section (highly educated, mix of ethnicities 10 interviewed not specifically stated) |
UK London NHS Organisations |
Framework analysis |
| Baral and Guzman, 202129
|
Mixed methods |
Structured interview questions.Postnatal |
To understand the anxieties and coping of new fathers with postnatal depression |
7 first time fathers with postnatal depression. Few weeks after birth(all but one employed) |
Selected from 10 barangays, Cabanatuan City, Philippines |
Grounded theory analysis |
| Barclay et al, 199630
|
Qualitative |
Focus groups. Antenatal |
This paper reports on research conducted with men who were attending antenatal classes with their partners who were pregnant for the first time |
53 first time fathers (75% Australian, mainly higher education) |
Australia 2 Sydney Hospitals1 community health centre |
Grounded theory analysis |
| Dallos and Nokes, 201131
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. Postnatal |
This study attempts to map the experience of fathers following the birth of a child |
5 First time fathers. (white British, mixture of professionals) |
UK Parenting Groups |
Interpretive phenomenological approach |
| Darwin et al, 201715
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. Postnatal 5–10 months |
Fathers’ views of their own mental health experiences within the perinatal period |
19 first time and subsequent fathers. Aged 25–44 years. Baby 0–12 months. (18/19 white British, highly educated) |
Yorkshire UK BaBY epidemiological cohort |
Thematic analysis |
| Deave and Johnson, 200849
|
Cross sectional study |
Semi-structured interviews in pregnancy and 3–4 months postnatal |
To explore the needs of first time fathers in relation to the care, support and education provided by healthcare professionals during the antenatal period |
20 partners of women first time fathers (all white British except 1 Asian and 1 Brazilian) |
UK South West EnglandHealthcare provider |
Content analysis |
| Edhborg et al, 201619
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews3–4 months postnatal |
To describe fathers’ experiences of the first year postpartum, when they showed depressive symptoms 3–6 months postpartum |
19 first time fathers (17 Swedish, 1 non-Swedish, 15 higher education) |
Sweden, Stockholm |
Qualitative content analysis |
| Fagerskiold 200850
|
Qualitative |
Interviews. Postnatal |
To explore first time fathers’ experiences during early infancy of their children |
20 first time fathers aged 20–48 years (mainly higher education) |
Southern SwedenRegional social insurance offices |
Grounded theory |
| Ngai and Lam, 202051
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. Postnatal |
To explore men’s experience of first time fatherhood and coping in Hong Kong |
44 first‐time fathers (all Chinese, 2 main caregivers) |
Hong Kong, China |
Thematic analysis |
| Fenwick and Bayes, 201255
|
Qualitative |
Two semi-structured interviews. Prenatal and postnatal |
To explore and describe men’s experiences of pregnancy and childbirth expectations |
12 expectant fathers (first time/experienced not reported).Interviews took place during pregnancy and after childbirth |
Australia Australian Teaching Hospital |
Thematic analysis |
| Finnbogadottir, et al, 200332
|
Qualitative |
Narrative interview form and qualitative content text. Antenatal |
To describe first time expectant fathers ‘experiences of pregnancy |
7 first time and expectant fathers (all Swedish, varied educational levels) |
Sweden Antenatal Clinic |
Content text analysis |
| Fletcher et al, 202054
|
Mixed methods |
Phone calls with counsellors (time period not specified) |
The present study examines fathers’ contacts with the Perinatal Anxiety and Depression Australia (PANDA) National Helpline |
129 fathers were included within the phone call service (first time/experienced not reported) |
Australia (PANDA) National Helpline |
Thematic analysis |
| Gottfredsdottir, 200556
|
Qualitative |
Focus group interviews. Weeks 27–37 gestation |
The objective of the study was to explore prospective first time fathers' views concerning fatherhood in relation to this new emphasis on their right to parental leave |
15 first time fathers. Average age 24 years (all mixed social class and education level) |
Iceland Reykjavik Antenatal Clinic |
Thematic analysis |
| Hall, 199433
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. Postnatal |
Explore fathers process of redefining their roles as spouses, workers and fathers |
10 first time fathers in dual earner families (8 Caucasian and 2 Chinese Caucasian) |
Canada Through occupational nurses |
Grounded theory analysis |
| Hodgson et al, 202134
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. Postnatal |
To explore men’s transition to fatherhood |
12 first time fathers with a child <2 years (11 white British and 1 white other) |
UK Sheffield University Research |
Grounded theory analysis |
| Johannsson et al, 201635
|
Mixed methods |
Self-report questionnaires. Antenatal and postnatal |
The aim was to explore what concerns Swedish fathers had about parenting difficulties at 2 months after the birth of their baby |
827 fathers (first time/experienced not reported). (Majority Swedish, mainly highly educated) |
Sweden Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study |
Content analysis |
| Johanssonet al, 202036
|
Qualitative |
Interviews. Postnatal |
The study aims were to explore the lived experiences of mothers and fathers of postpartum depression and parental stress after childbirth |
5 fathers (first time/experienced not reported). Aged 30–40 years (highly educated) |
Sweden Child Health Centre |
Interpretive phenomenological approach |
| Kowlessaret al, 201437
|
Qualitative |
Interviews. 7–12 months after birth |
The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of fathers during their first year as parents to fully capture their experiences and transition to parenthood |
10 first time fathers (all white British) |
UK Manchester Antenatal Classes NHS |
Interpretive phenomenological approach |
| Lagarto and Duaso, 202238
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. Antenatal |
This study explored fathers’ experiences of paternal–fetal attachment |
10 fathers to be (first time/experienced not reported) (8 white European, 2 BAME background). Aged 29–40 years |
UK London NHS |
Interpretive phenomenological approach |
| Ling, Cheng, Shorey (2021)39
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. Postnatal |
The aim of this study was to explore distressed fathers’ experiences and needs in the early postpartum period |
12 fathers (not restricted to first time fathers), aged ≥21 years (Chinese, Malay and Indian) |
Singapore Public Hospital |
Thematic analysis |
| Machin, 201540
|
Mixed methods |
Semi-structured interviews 6 months postnatal |
Study aims to explore the experiences of first time fathers |
15 first time fathers (12 white British, 1 white other, 1 mixed white, 1 black Caribbean, 1 Indian). Higher education |
UK OxfordshireNational Childbirth Trust |
Type of analysis unknown |
| Nesporova, 201941
|
Longitudinal qualitative |
Interviews. 2 in pregnancy, 1 postnatal |
The study focuses on the transition to fatherhood and the life changes which fatherhood effects in men’s everyday lives |
16 fathers (first time/experienced not reported). (All European) |
Czech Republic International TransPARENT Project |
Comparative thematic analysis |
| Palsson et al, 201742
|
Qualitative |
Interviews 1 month after baby was born |
To describe first time fathers’ experiences of their prenatal preparation in relation to challenges met in the early parenthood period |
15 first time fathers,19–37 years (12 European,1 Macedonia, 1 Iran, 1 Sri Lanka). Mixed education levels |
Southern Sweden postnatal units |
Interpretive phenomenological approach |
| Pedersen et al, 202157
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. Postnatal |
This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of men or fathers with paternal perinatal depression and to understand the barriers and facilitators of help seeking among fathers with paternal perinatal depression |
8 fathers with paternal perinatal depression (first time/experienced not reported).(All Danish citizens) |
Denmark CopenhagenPregnancy and Paternity Groups online |
Interpretive phenomenological approach |
| Rayburn et al, 202160
|
Mixed methods |
Open ended qualitative responses from satisfaction surveys. Antenatal and postnatal |
The study examined the feasibility and acceptability of Becoming Fathers, a brief intervention for expectant and new fathers that combined education and self-care skills like mindfulness in a supportive group format |
6 fathers first time and expectant completed whole study, started with 21 |
USA Obstetric Clinics and Childbirth classes |
Thematic analysis |
| Rominov et al, 201853
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured face to face. Postnatal |
To explore men’s experiences of seeking support for their mental health and parenting in the perinatal period and identify their specific support needs during this time |
20 fathers (first time/experienced not reported) who were expecting or parenting an infant <2 years. Mainly Australian |
Australia University Research |
Content analysis |
| Shorey et al, 201743
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interview. Postnatal |
To explore first time fathers’ postnatal experiences and support needs in the early postpartum period |
15 first time fathers (Chinese/Malay/Indian, highly educated) |
Singapore Public Tertiary Hospital Postnatal Wards |
Thematic analysis |
| Shorey et al, 201858
|
Qualitative |
Interviews. 6 months postnatal |
This study aims to understand fathers’ expectations, needs, and experiences in infant care during the early postpartum period in Singapore |
50 first time and experienced fathers (Chinese/Malay/Indian, highly educated) |
Singapore Postnatal Wards Public Hospital |
Thematic analysis |
| Shorey et al, 201944
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. 6 months postnatal |
This study aims to understand paternal involvement within the 6 month postpartum period to identify the challenges and needs of Singaporean fathers |
50 first time and experienced fathers (varied ethnicities) |
Singapore Postnatal Wards Public Hospital |
Thematic analysis |
| John et al, 200552
|
Qualitative |
In-depth audiotaped interviews6–12 weeks after birth |
To explore fathers’ perspectives on the experiences, processes and life changes in the early weeks of fatherhood |
18 first time fathers (western/European, highly educated) |
Australia QueenslandPublic Hospital postnatal wards |
Thematic analysis |
| Tehrani et al, 201559
|
Qualitative |
Individual open ended interviews 32 −40 weeks of pregnancy |
The purpose of this study was to explore how first time fathers describe their experiences of pregnancy |
26 Iranian and Moslem first time fathers (highly educated) |
Iran Tehran Public Health Prenatal Care Clinics |
Qualitative content analysis |
| Wilkes et al, 201245
|
Qualitative |
In-depth interviews. Antenatal |
To explore the experiences of prospective adolescent fathers regarding their impending fatherhood |
7 adolescent expectant fathers (first time/experienced not reported) (white European, 3/7 unemployed, aged 16–22 years) |
Australia Antenatal Clinic at Maternity Centre |
Narrative analysis |
| Clifford-Motop et al, 202246
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. Postnatal |
This qualitative study explores the experiences and perceptions of new and expectant First Nations fathers in an urban setting in Australia |
8 First Nations fathers first time and experienced, 18–33 years,5/8 unemployed |
Australia Substudy Indigenous Birthing |
Descriptive phenomenological analysis |
| Davenport and Swami, 202347
|
Qualitative |
Semi-structured interviews. Postnatal |
To explore postnatal depression experiences among fathers in the UK |
8 fathers UK, first time and experienced fathers, 27–41 years,7 white British, 1 Asian |
UK University research |
Interpretive phenomenological approach |
| Kaner, et al, 202361
|
Cross sectional study |
Session transcripts and 2 year post-intervention surveys. Postnatal |
This study explores an innovative online group intervention for new fathers, focusing on participation experience of fathers in the online programme |
122 first time Israeli fathers. Median age 33 years. Highly educated |
Israel Online Discussion Group |
Thematic analysis |
| Reay et al, 202348
|
Cross sectional study |
Free text response questions. Postnatal |
This research explores the barriers fathers face to seeking help for paternal perinatal depression |
50 fathers first time and experienced fathers, 18–65 years |
UK Online Qualtrics survey |
Thematic analysis |
