Table 1. APC and ASMR Among US Adults With Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Overall and By Sex, Age, and Etiology, 2006-2022.

Characteristic	ASMR per 100 000 persons					Temporal trend difference		P value
	2006	2010	2015	2020	2022	Temporal segmenta	APC (95% CI), %
Overall	3.65	4.12	4.39	4.91	5.03	2006-2009	4.1 (2.2 to 7.7)	<.001
						2009-2022	1.8 (0.7 to 2.0)	.04
Sex
Female	1.59	1.66	1.79	2.18	2.33	2006-2019	2.2 (0 to 4.0)	.05
						2019-2022	4.7 (2.3 to 8.1)	<.001
Male	6.10	7.01	7.37	8.06	8.15	2006-2010	4.0 (3.3 to 4.9)	<.001
						2010-2014	0.4 (−0.5 to 1.1)	.33
						2014-2017	3.7 (2.6 to 4.5)	<.001
						2017-2022	0.2 (−0.4 to 0.6)	.42
Age, y
25-64	2.06	2.43	2.51	2.07	1.79	2006-2011	4.9 (3.9 to 6.1)	<.001
						2011-2017	−0.8 (−1.7 to 0)	.06
						2017-2022	−6.2 (−7.2 to −5.2)	<.001
≥65	10.20	11.08	12.15	16.59	18.37	2006-2014	1.8 (0.9 to 2.8)	.01
						2014-2017	7.2 (1.0 to 8.3)	.01
						2017-2022	5.0 (3.0 to 5.8)	<.001
Etiology
HCV	0.61	0.95	1.12	0.87	0.76	2006-2008	17.2 (11.9 to 23.2)	<.001
						2008-2012	5.9 (2.5 to 7.6)	.004
						2012-2016	1.0 (−8.8 to 2.6)	.53
						2016-2022	−6.4 (−8.5 to −3.4)	.002
ALD	0.09	0.23	0.33	0.44	0.43	2006-2008	45.1 (19.9 to 72.6)	<.001
						2008-2022	5.9 (4.0 to 7.2)	.01
HBV	0.12	0.15	0.13	0.10	0.10	2006-2013	4.4 (0.7 to 16.5)	.02
						2013-2022	−4.8 (−10.4 to −2.3)	<.001
MASLD	0.01	0.02	0.05	0.11	0.14	2006-2022	19.0 (15.8 to 22.4)	<.001

Abbreviations: ALD, alcohol-associated liver disease; APC, annual percentage change; ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease.

^a The point that links 2 segments is defined as a joinpoint, determining whether the trend was better explained by 2 segments or more.