Table I.
Demographic characteristics of the MeS group and the MS group.
| Before PSM | After PSM | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
|
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| Characteristic | Total | MeS group (n=1,617) | MS group (n=893) | P-value | MeS group (n=643) | MS group (n=643) | P-value |
| Sex | 0.017 | 0.783 | |||||
| Male | 2,060 (82.1) | 1,349 (83.4) | 711 (79.6) | 508 (79.0) | 512 (79.6) | ||
| Female | 450 (17.9) | 268 (16.6) | 182 (20.4) | 135 (21.0) | 131 (20.4) | ||
| Age, years | 0.916 | 0.900 | |||||
| <75 | 2,365 (94.2) | 1,523 (94.2) | 842 (94.3) | 610 (94.9) | 609 (94.7) | ||
| ≥75 | 145 (5.8) | 94 (5.8) | 51 (5.7) | 33 (5.1) | 34 (5.3) | ||
| KPS | <0.001 | 0.908 | |||||
| ≥90 | 1,419 (56.5) | 798 (49.4) | 621 (69.5) | 410 (63.8) | 408 (63.5) | ||
| ≤80 | 1,091 (43.5) | 819 (50.6) | 272 (30.5) | 233 (36.2) | 235 (36.5) | ||
| Smoker | <0.001 | 0.954 | |||||
| No | 1,340 (53.4) | 724 (44.8) | 616 (69.0) | 411 (63.9) | 412 (64.1) | ||
| Yes | 1,170 (46.6) | 893 (55.2) | 277 (31.0) | 232 (36.1) | 231 (35.9) | ||
| Drinker | 0.157 | 0.852 | |||||
| No | 1,841 (73.3) | 1,171 (72.4) | 670 (75.0) | 467 (72.6) | 464 (72.2) | ||
| Yes | 669 (26.7) | 446 (27.6) | 223 (25.0) | 176 (27.4) | 179 (27.8) | ||
| Pathologic differentiation grade | 0.204 | 0.755 | |||||
| Well G1 | 455 (18.1) | 279 (17.3) | 176 (19.7) | 120 (18.7) | 128 (19.9) | ||
| Moderate G2 | 1,046 (41.7) | 691 (42.7) | 355 (39.8) | 270 (42.0) | 258 (40.1) | ||
| Poor or undifferentiated G3 | 1,009 (40.2) | 647 (40.0) | 362 (40.5) | 253 (39.3) | 257 (40.0) | ||
| Lymphovascular invasion | 0.147 | 1.000 | |||||
| No | 442 (17.6) | 1,319 (81.6) | 749 (83.9) | 529 (82.3) | 529 (82.3) | ||
| Yes | 2,068 (82.4) | 298 (18.4) | 144 (16.1) | 114 (17.7) | 114 (17.7) | ||
| Nerve invasion | 0.133 | 0.945 | |||||
| No | 487 (19.4) | 1289 (79.7) | 734 (82.2) | 513 (79.8) | 514 (79.9) | ||
| Yes | 2,023 (80.6) | 328 (20.3) | 159 (17.8) | 130 (20.2) | 129 (20.1) | ||
| Tumor location | <0.001 | 0.951 | |||||
| Upper | 587 (23.4) | 330 (20.4) | 257 (28.8) | 169 (26.3) | 166 (25.8) | ||
| Middle | 1,367 (54.5) | 893 (55.2) | 474 (53.1) | 364 (56.6) | 363 (56.5) | ||
| Lower | 556 (22.2) | 394 (24.4) | 162 (18.1) | 110 (17.1) | 114 (17.7) | ||
| Pathological T category | 0.260 | 0.987 | |||||
| T1 | 202 (8.0) | 120 (7.4) | 82 (9.2) | 62 (9.6) | 66 (10.3) | ||
| T2 | 509 (20.3) | 333 (20.6) | 176 (19.7) | 124 (19.3) | 123 (19.1) | ||
| T3 | 1,584 (63.1) | 1,033 (63.9) | 551 (61.7) | 392 (61.0) | 389 (60.5) | ||
| T4 | 215 (8.6) | 131 (8.1) | 84 (9.4) | 65 (10.1) | 65 (10.1) | ||
| Pathological N category | 0.272 | 0.903 | |||||
| N0 | 1,084 (43.2) | 702 (43.4) | 382 (42.8) | 280 (43.5) | 282 (43.9) | ||
| N1 | 761 (30.3) | 505 (31.2) | 256 (28.7) | 190 (29.5) | 197 (30.6) | ||
| N2 | 450 (17.9) | 281 (17.4) | 169 (18.9) | 111 (17.3) | 109 (17.0) | ||
| N3 | 215 (8.6) | 129 (8.0) | 86 (9.6) | 62 (9.6) | 55 (8.6) | ||
| 8th TNM stage | 0.182 | 0.927 | |||||
| I | 202 (8.0) | 120 (7.4) | 82 (9.2) | 61 (9.5) | 62 (9.6) | ||
| II | 865 (34.5) | 573 (35.4) | 292 (32.7) | 215 (33.4) | 218 (33.9) | ||
| III | 1,152 (45.9) | 746 (46.1) | 406 (45.5) | 284 (44.2) | 288 (44.8) | ||
| IV | 291 (11.6) | 178 (11.0) | 113 (12.7) | 83 (12.9) | 75 (11.7) | ||
| Thoracic surgery | 0.022 | 0.695 | |||||
| MIE | 1,199 (47.8) | 745 (46.1) | 454 (50.8) | 359 (55.8) | 352 (54.7) | ||
| OE | 1,311 (52.2) | 872 (53.9) | 439 (49.2) | 284 (44.2) | 291 (45.3) | ||
| Abdominal surgery | <0.001 | 0.822 | |||||
| MIE | 964 (38.4) | 674 (41.7) | 290 (32.5) | 285 (44.3) | 281 (43.7) | ||
| OE | 1,542 (61.4) | 939 (58.1) | 603 (67.5) | 358 (55.7) | 362 (56.3) | ||
| None | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Surgical approach | <0.001 | 0.631 | |||||
| McKeown | 1,779 (70.9) | 1,009 (62.4) | 770 (86.2) | 528 (82.1) | 534 (83.0) | ||
| Iovr-Lewis | 691 (27.5) | 583 (36.1) | 108 (12.1) | 109 (17.0) | 106 (16.5) | ||
| Sweet | 4 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Left thoracotomy and laparotomy | 36 (1.4) | 21 (1.3) | 15 (1.7) | 6 (0.9) | 3 (0.5) | ||
| Clinical treatment modality | <0.001 | 0.939 | |||||
| Preoperative CT or | 46 (1.8) | 24 (1.5) | 22 (2.5) | 16 (2.5) | 18 (2.8) | ||
| RT/CRT plus surgery | |||||||
| Surgery alone | 1,269 (50.6) | 687 (42.5) | 582 (65.2) | 395 (61.4) | 395 (61.4) | ||
| Surgery plus postoperative | 1,195 (47.6) | 906 (56.0) | 289 (32.4) | 232 (36.1) | 230 (35.8) | ||
| CT or RT/CRT | |||||||
Values are expressed as n (%). PSM, performing propensity score matching; MS, manual suturing; MeS, mechanical suturing; KPS, Karnofsky performance status; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; CT, chemotherapy; MIE, minimally invasive esophagectomy; OE, open esophagectomy; RT, radiotherapy.