Fig. 3.

Catabolic pathway of Pseudomonas sp. NGC7-based strain capable of producing VA from sulfite lignin stream. Four vanAB sets (vanA1B1, vanA2B2, vanA3B3, and vanA4B4) and the areA were disrupted using the homologous recombination methods. vanA4B4 is responsible for VA assimilation, whereas vanA1B1 and vanA2B2 are involved in SA assimilation. The role of vanA3B3 remains unclear. Two plasmids carrying acvA, acvB, acvC, acvD, acvE, and acvF, and vceA, vceB, and ligW2 from S. lignivorans SYK-6 were introduced. AcvAB, 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenylphosphate/4-acetyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenylphosphate synthetase; AcvF, 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenylphosphate/4-acetyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenylphosphate phosphatase; AcvCDE, biotin-dependent carboxylase; ALDHs, aldehyde dehydrogenases; AreA, VN reductase; LigW2, 5CVA decarboxylase; PobA, HBA monooxygenase; VanA1B1, VanA2B2, VanA3B3, and VanA4B4, isozymes of VA O-demethylase; VceA, vanilloyl acetate/3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxopropanoate-converting enzyme; VceB, vanilloyl-CoA/syringoyl-CoA thioesterase; Vdh, VN dehydrogenase. 5CVA, 5-carboxyvanillate; 5CVN, 5-carboxyvanillin; AV, acetovanillone; HBA, 4-hydroxybenzoate; HBN, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; PCA, protocatechuate; VA, vanillate; VN, vanillin; SA, syringate; SN, syringaldehyde