Table 1.
Association between clinicopathologic factors and TIL in patients with DBDC
| Variable, n (%) | sTIL |
iTIL |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sTILLow | sTILHigh | P value | iTILLow | iTILHigh | P value | ||
| No. of patients (n = 405) | 160 (39.5) | 245 (60.5) | 331 (81.7) | 74 (18.3) | |||
| Operation method | |||||||
| Pancreaticoduodenectomy including Whipple | 369 (91.1) | 147 (39.8) | 222 (60.2) | 0.662 | 301 (81.6) | 68 (18.4) | 0.794 |
| Bile duct resection | 36 (8.9) | 13 (36.1) | 23 (63.9) | 30 (83.3) | 6 (16.7) | ||
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 66.4 ± 9.5 | 65.9 ± 10.0 | 66.7 ± 9.1 | 0.412 | 66.4 ± 9.7 | 66.0 ± 8.6 | 0.734 |
| Tumor size (cm, mean ± SD) | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 0.048∗ | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 0.124 |
| Sex | 0.654 | 0.853 | |||||
| Male | 261 (64.4) | 101 (38.7) | 160 (61.3) | 214 (82.0) | 47 (18.0) | ||
| Female | 144 (35.6) | 59 (41.0) | 85 (59.0) | 117 (81.2) | 27 (18.8) | ||
| Gross pattern | 0.123 | <0.001∗ | |||||
| Papillary | 26 (6.4) | 7 (26.9) | 19 (73.1) | 17 (65.4) | 9 (34.6) | ||
| Nodular | 63 (15.6) | 20 (31.7) | 43 (68.3) | 43 (68.3) | 20 (31.7) | ||
| Sclerosing | 316 (78.0) | 133 (42.1) | 183 (57.9) | 271 (85.8) | 45 (14.2) | ||
| Tumor location | 0.013∗ | 0.591 | |||||
| Extrapancreatic | 56 (13.8) | 21 (37.5) | 35 (62.5) | 48 (85.7) | 8 (14.3) | ||
| Intrapancreatic | 328 (81.0) | 137 (41.8) | 191 (58.2) | 267 (81.4) | 61 (18.6) | ||
| Diffuse (both extra- and intrapancreatic) | 21 (5.2) | 2 (9.5) | 19 (90.5) | 16 (76.2) | 5 (23.8) | ||
| Histologic subtype | 0.608 | 0.047∗ | |||||
| Tubular adenocarcinoma | 377 (93.1) | 153 (40.6) | 224 (59.4) | 311 (82.5) | 66 (17.5) | ||
| Mucinous carcinoma | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma arising from IPNB | 21 (5.2) | 6 (28.6) | 15 (71.4) | 15 (71.4) | 6 (28.6) | ||
| Adenosquamous carcinoma | 2 (0.5) | 0 | 2 (100) | 0 | 2 (100) | ||
| Undifferentiated carcinoma | 4 (1.0) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | 4 (100) | 0 | ||
| Histologic differentiation | 0.146 | 0.730 | |||||
| Well differentiated | 72 (17.8) | 21 (29.2) | 51 (70.8) | 56 (77.8) | 16 (22.2) | ||
| Moderately differentiated | 265 (65.4) | 108 (40.8) | 157 (59.2) | 218 (82.3) | 47 (17.7) | ||
| Poorly differentiated | 64 (15.8) | 30 (46.9) | 34 (53.1) | 53 (82.8) | 11 (17.2) | ||
| Undifferentiated | 4 (1.0) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | 4 (100) | 0 | ||
| Lymphovascular invasion | 0.527 | 0.271 | |||||
| Absent | 223 (55.1) | 85 (38.1) | 138 (61.9) | 178 (79.8) | 45 (20.2) | ||
| Present | 182 (44.9) | 75 (41.2) | 107 (58.8) | 153 (84.1) | 29 (15.9) | ||
| Perineural invasion | 0.294 | 0.006∗ | |||||
| Absent | 84 (20.7) | 29 (34.5) | 55 (65.5) | 60 (71.4) | 24 (28.6) | ||
| Present | 321 (79.3) | 131 (40.8) | 190 (59.2) | 271 (84.4) | 50 (15.6) | ||
| Pancreatic invasion | 0.003∗ | 0.129 | |||||
| Absent | 139 (34.3) | 41 (29.5) | 98 (70.5) | 108 (77.7) | 31 (22.3) | ||
| Present | 266 (65.7) | 119 (44.7) | 147 (55.3) | 223 (83.8) | 43 (16.2) | ||
| Duodenal invasion | <0.001∗ | 0.935 | |||||
| Absent | 294 (72.6) | 99 (33.7) | 195 (66.3) | 240 (81.6) | 54 (18.4) | ||
| Present | 111 (27.4) | 61 (55.0) | 50 (45.0) | 91 (82.0) | 20 (18.0) | ||
| Gallbladder invasion | 0.221 | 0.193 | |||||
| Absent | 338 (83.5) | 138 (40.8) | 200 (59.2) | 280 (82.8) | 58 (17.2) | ||
| Present | 67 (16.5) | 22 (32.8) | 45 (67.2) | 51 (76.1) | 16 (23.9) | ||
| Cancer involvement of bile duct margin | 0.204 | 0.902 | |||||
| R0 | 354 (87.4) | 144 (40.7) | 210 (59.3) | 289 (81.6) | 65 (18.4) | ||
| R1 | 51 (12.6) | 16 (31.4) | 35 (68.6) | 42 (82.4) | 9 (17.6) | ||
| Postoperative chemotherapy | 0.065 | 0.915 | |||||
| Absent | 277 (68.4) | 101 (36.5) | 176 (63.5) | 226 (81.6) | 51 (18.4) | ||
| Present | 128 (31.6) | 59 (46.1) | 69 (53.9) | 105 (82.0) | 23 (18.0) | ||
| Nodal metastasis | 0.154 | 0.140 | |||||
| Absent | 260 (64.2) | 96 (36.9) | 164 (63.1) | 218 (83.8) | 42 (16.2) | ||
| Present | 145 (35.8) | 64 (44.1) | 81 (55.9) | 113 (77.9) | 32 (22.1) | ||
| T category | 0.002∗ | 0.121 | |||||
| T1 | 124 (30.6) | 38 (30.6) | 86 (69.4) | 94 (75.8) | 30 (24.2) | ||
| T2 | 201 (49.6) | 78 (38.8) | 123 (61.2) | 169 (84.1) | 32 (15.9) | ||
| T3 | 80 (19.8) | 44 (55.0) | 36 (45.0) | 68 (85.0) | 12 (15.0) | ||
| T4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| N category | 0.128 | 0.333 | |||||
| N0 | 260 (64.2) | 96 (36.9) | 164 (63.1) | 218 (83.8) | 42 (16.2) | ||
| N1 | 112 (27.7) | 53 (47.3) | 59 (52.7) | 87 (77.7) | 25 (22.3) | ||
| N2 | 33 (8.1) | 11 (33.3) | 22 (66.7) | 26 (78.8) | 7 (21.2) | ||
| Stage grouping | 0.087 | 0.309 | |||||
| I | 105 (25.9) | 33 (31.4) | 72 (68.6) | 82 (78.1) | 23 (21.9) | ||
| II | 266 (65.7) | 116 (43.6) | 150 (56.4) | 222 (83.5) | 44 (16.5) | ||
| III | 32 (7.9) | 11 (34.4) | 21 (65.6) | 26 (81.2) | 6 (18.8) | ||
| IV | 2 (0.5) | 0 | 2 (100) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | ||
DBDC, distal extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma; IPNB, intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct; iTIL, intraepithelial tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte; iTILHigh, high level of iTIL count; iTILLow, low level of iTIL count; R0, microscopically free of tumor; R1, microscopically positive margin; SD, standard deviation; sTIL, stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte; sTILHigh, high level of sTIL density; sTILLow, low level of sTIL density; TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte.
∗
Significant at the level of P < 0.05.