Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics According to the Decline in Percentage of Predicted FEV1
| Characteristics | Visit1 | Visit3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rapid Decliners (n = 7416) |
Nonrapid Decliners (n = 22246) |
P Value | Rapid Decliners (n = 7416) |
Nonrapid Decliners (n = 22246) |
P Value | |
| Age | 53.3 ± 7.6 | 52.4 ± 7.4 | < 0.001 | 61.3 ± 7.6 | 60.4 ± 7.4 | < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 4137 (56) | 11645 (52) | < 0.001 | 4137 (56) | 11645 (52) | < 0.001 |
| Male | 3279 (44) | 10601 (48) | 3279 (44) | 10601 (48) | ||
| Educational level | ||||||
| College or University degree | 3378 (46) | 10507 (47) | 0.010 | 3378 (46) | 10507 (47) | 0.010 |
| A levels/AS levels or equivalent | 993 (13) | 2979 (13) | 993 (13) | 2979 (13) | ||
| O levels/GCSEs or equivalent | 1475 (20) | 4321 (20) | 1475 (20) | 4321 (20) | ||
| CSEs or equivalent | 293 (4) | 919 (4) | 293 (4) | 919 (4) | ||
| NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent | 408 (5) | 1185 (5) | 408 (5) | 1185 (5) | ||
| Other professional qualifications | 343 (5) | 1015 (5) | 343 (5) | 1015 (5) | ||
| None of the above | 526 (7) | 1320 (6) | 526 (7) | 1320 (6) | ||
| Physical examination | ||||||
| Height | 1.69 ± 0.09 | 1.70 ± 0.09 | < 0.001 | 1.69 ± 0.09 | 1.69 ± 0.09 | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 26.4 ± 4.1 | 26.6 ± 4.2 | 0.003 | 26.8 ± 4.7 | 26.4 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1828 (25) | 5529 (25) | 0.74 | 1828 (25) | 5529 (25) | 0.74 |
| Diabetes | 150 (2) | 500 (2.2) | 0.53 | 319 (4.3) | 1010 (4.5) | 0.85 |
| Doctor diagnosed asthma | 503 (7) | 1535 (7) | 0.69 | 503 (7) | 1535 (7) | 0.69 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 4432 (60) | 13666 (61) | < 0.001 | 4570 (62) | 13971 (63) | < 0.001 |
| Previous | 2424 (33) | 7313 (33) | 2495 (34) | 7475 (34) | ||
| Current | 560 (7) | 1267 (6) | 305 (4) | 706 (3) | ||
| Alcohol intake frequency | ||||||
| Daily or almost daily | 1769 (24) | 5051 (23) | 0.76 | 1375 (19) | 3747 (17) | 0.89 |
| Three or four times a week | 2049 (28) | 6473 (29) | 2073 (28) | 6532 (29) | ||
| Once or twice a week | 1897 (26) | 5883 (26) | 1889 (26) | 6067 (27) | ||
| One to three times a month | 798 (11) | 2366 (11) | 825 (11) | 2526 (11) | ||
| Special occasions only | 601 (8) | 1608 (7) | 763 (10) | 2036 (10) | ||
| Never | 302 (4) | 865 (4) | 445 (6) | 1244 (6) | ||
| Spirometry | ||||||
| FEV1(L) | 3.16 ± 0.79 | 2.99 ± 0.73 | < 0.001 | 2.43 ± 0.70 | 2.87 ± 0.73 | < 0.001 |
| △FEV1(L/year) | 0.09 ± 0.05 | 0.01 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 | 0.09 ± 0.05 | 0.01 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 |
| FVC(L) | 4.15 ± 1.02 | 3.93 ± 0.94 | < 0.001 | 3.39 ± 0.90 | 3.78 ± 1.16 | < 0.001 |
| △FVC(L/year) | 0.09 ± 0.05 | 0.01 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 | 0.09 ± 0.05 | 0.01 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 |
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median [25th–75th percentile]
P-values calculated using Z-score for continuous outcomes, Pearson’s chi-squared for categorical outcomes
BMI Body mass index, FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC Forced vital capacity, △ Change