Fig. 1. (a) The mechanism of conventional SI-ATRP. Schematic illustrating the mechanism (b) and assembly setup (c) of CuBr-mediated SI-CRP under ambient conditions. (d) AFM image and the corresponding height profile of PSPMA brushes by CuBr-mediated SI-CRP. (e) AFM image (scan area 5 × 5 μm²) of PSPMA brushes.