Table 1.
General characteristic of the included studies.
| Study | Country | Diagnosis | Mean age (years) | Number of patients | Sex (male/female) | Treatment 1 | Treatment 2 | Outcomes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment 1 | Treatment 2 | Treatment 1 | Treatment 2 | |||||||
| Chamberlain (2020) | America | SE | 6.1 ± 4.3 | 85 | 71 | 124/101 | LEV | FPHT | 1, 4 | |
| 69 | 71 | VPA | FPHT | |||||||
| 85 | 69 | LEV | VPA | |||||||
| 42.6 ± 14.1 | 71 | 54 | 108/78 | LEV | FPHT | 1, 4 | ||||
| 61 | 54 | VPA | FPHT | |||||||
| 71 | 61 | LEV | VPA | |||||||
| 73.8 ± 7.2 | 19 | 17 | 30/21 | LEV | FPHT | 1, 4 | ||||
| 15 | 17 | VPA | FPHT | |||||||
| 19 | 15 | LEV | VPA | |||||||
| Nalisetty (2020) | India | SE | 2.6 ± 2.8 | 32 | 29 | 16/16 | 16/13 | LEV | FPHT | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Handral (2020) | India | CSE | 3.4 ± 3.4 | 58 | 58 | 32/26 | 36/22 | LEV | FPHT | 1, 2, 4 |
| Nazir (2020) | India | SE | 5.1 ± 3.9 | 50 | 50 | 36/14 | 35/15 | LEV | PHT | 2 |
| 50 | 50 | 33/17 | 35/15 | VPA | PHT | |||||
| 50 | 50 | 36/14 | 33/17 | LEV | VPA | |||||
| Vignesh (2020) | India | CSE | 4.5 ± 3.8 | 32 | 35 | 18/14 | 19/16 | LEV | PHT | 1, 3, 4 |
| 35 | 35 | 21/14 | 19/16 | VPA | PHT | |||||
| 32 | 35 | 18/14 | 21/14 | LEV | VPA | |||||
| Kapur (2019) | America | SE | 32.8 ± 25.6 | 145 | 118 | 77/68 | 71/47 | LEV | FPHT | 1, 2, 4 |
| 121 | 118 | 65/56 | 71/47 | VPA | FPHT | |||||
| 145 | 121 | 77/68 | 65/56 | LEV | VPA | |||||
| Lytle (2019) | America | CSE | 27 (1.3–59) | 152 | 134 | 75/77 | 72/62 | LEV | PHT | 1, 3, 4 |
| Dalziel (2019) | Australia | CSE | 3.9 ± 3.8 | 119 | 114 | 59/60 | 53/61 | LEV | PHT | 1, 3, 4 |
| New Zealand | ||||||||||
| Wani (2019) | India | SE | 4.1 ± 3.7 | 52 | 52 | 32/20 | 34/18 | LEV | PHT | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Burman (2019) | South Africa | CSE | 2.3 (1.3–5.5) | 36 | 33 | 18/18 | 18/15 | PHB | PHT | 1 |
| Nuzhat (2019) | Pakistan | GCSE | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 300 | 300 | 216/84 | 190/110 | LEV | PHT | 1, 4 |
| Nene (2019) | India | GCSE | 67.5 ± 7.4 | 50 | 50 | – | LEV | VPA | 1, 3, 4 | |
| Senthilkumar (2018) | India | CSE | 2.8 ± 2.9 | 25 | 25 | 18/7 | 16/9 | LEV | FPHT | 1, 2, 4 |
| Khajeh (2018) | Iran | SE | 4.4 ± 4.7 | 40 | 40 | 15/25 | 13/27 | PHB | VPA | 1 |
| Singh (2018) | India | SE | 7.2 ± 2.5 | 50 | 50 | 32/18 | 26/24 | LEV | PHT | 2 |
| Amiri (2018) | Iran | SE | 42.9 ± 16.7 | 55 | 55 | 27/28 | 24/31 | PHT | VPA | 1, 4 |
| Gujar (2017) | Oman | SE | 37.8 ± 18.0 | 22 | 30 | 13/9 | 21/9 | LEV | PHT | 1, 4 |
| Su (2016) | China | GCSE | 41.7 ± 17.1 | 37 | 36 | 19/18 | 20/16 | PHB | VPA | 1, 2, 4 |
| Mundlamuri (2015) | India | GCSE | 33.7 ± 17.0 | 50 | 50 | 32/18 | 28/22 | LEV | PHT | 1, 3, 4 |
| 50 | 50 | 28/22 | 28/22 | VPA | PHT | |||||
| 50 | 50 | 32/18 | 28/22 | LEV | VPA | |||||
| Chakravarthi (2015) | India | SE | 35.4 ± 16.0 | 22 | 22 | 12/10 | 15/7 | LEV | PHT | 1, 2, 4 |
| Malamiri (2012) | Iran | CSE | 5.5 (3.0–16.0) | 30 | 30 | 21/9 | 16/14 | PHB | VPA | 1, 2, 4 |
| Agarwal (2007) | India | SE | 27.2 ± 15.9 | 50 | 50 | 32/18 | 35/15 | PHT | VPA | 1, 4 |
| Misra (2006) | U.K. | SE | 1.0–85.0 | 33 | 35 | 17/16 | 24/11 | PHT | VPA | 1, 4 |
AED = antiepileptic drugs, CSE = convulsive status epilepsy, FPHT = fosphenytoin, GCSE = generalized convulsive status epilepsy, LEV = levetiracetam, PHB = phenobarbital, PHT = phenytoin, VPA = valproic acid, SE = status epilepticus. 1 = SE control rate, 2 = the recurrences of seizures within 24 hours. 3 = rate of additional AED treatment required; 4 = the incidence of adverse events.