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. 2024 Nov 6;15:1491321. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1491321

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Copyright © 2024 Lu, Huang, Zhou, Jiang, Chen, Du, Zhou, Wen, Pei and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of the TR extract on inflammatory factors and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. (A) Effect of TR on LPS-induced macrophage cell activity for 24 h. (B) Effect of TR on LPS-induced macrophage cell activity for 72 h. (C, D) Effects of TR on the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS (n = 3). (E–G) The mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 (n = 3). (H–J) The phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt was detected via Western blotting. The data was expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ##p < 0.01 versus the Blank group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus the LPS group.