Table 5.
Studies about the effects of H. pylori on IBD.
| No. | Study | Year | Journal | Effect | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Immune response modulation in inflammatory bowel diseases by Helicobacter pylori infection (Balani et al., 2023) | 2023 | World Journal of Gastroenterology | Protective effect | H. pylori infection culminates in high levels of TGF-β and low levels of IL-17 and IL-22 on IBD. It also induces the differentiation of Tregs and the polarization of the M1 macrophage into M2 macrophage lineage. And the ability of H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein to reduce Th2 activity may be a possible explanation for the improvement of IBD |
| 2 | Helicobacter pylori may participate in the development of inflammatory bowel disease by modulating the intestinal microbiota (Bai et al., 2022) | 2022 | Chinese Medical Journal | Protective effect | H. pylori infection increased the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes, augmented the abundance of Firmicutes, and produced short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia. All these factors may decrease vulnerability to IBD |
| 3 | New insights into bacterial mechanisms and potential intestinal epithelial cell therapeutic targets of inflammatory bowel disease (Liang et al., 2022) | 2022 | Frontiers in Microbiology | Protective effect | The protective effect possibly due to the ability of H. pylori to inhibit the growth of other bacteria |
| 4 | Association Between Helicobacter pylori colonization and inflammatory bowel disease a systematic review and meta-analysis (Shirzad-Aski et al., 2021) | 2021 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology | Protective effect | H. pylori stimulated dendritic cells enter a semimature state, leading to the differentiation of immunosuppressive Tregs. Tregs can inhibit the transformation of naive Th0 cells to Th1 and Th17, which play a protective effect on IBD. |
| 5 | Serum exosomes derived from Hp-positive gastritis patients inhibit MCP-1 and MIP-1α expression via NLRP12-Notch signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cells and improve DSS-induced colitis in mice | 2020 | International Immunopharmacology | Protective effect | Serum exosomes patients with H. pylori infection can promote NLRP12 expression in intestinal epithelial cells, and NLRP12 decreased chemokine MCP-1 and MIP-1α expression by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway, which improved colitis symptoms in DSS-induced colitis mice |
| 6 | Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: an umbrella review of meta-analyses (Piovani et al., 2019) | 2019 | Gastroenterology | Protective effect | H. pylori infection may reduce intestinal inflammation through Toll-like receptor 2 and interleukin 10 production, the inhibition of type I interferon and interleukin 12 production, and the accumulation of regulatory T cells |
| 7 | The gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease (Zuo and Ng, 2018) | 2018 | Frontiers in Microbiology | Protective effect | H. pylori infection could induce immune tolerance and limit inflammatory responses |
| 8 | Role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: What have we learnt in the past 10 years? (Hold et al., 2014) | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology | Protective effect | The protective effect may conform to the “hygiene hypothesis” for the development of IBD |