Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| House Staff (n = 1,013) | Advanced Practice Provider (n = 607) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 62.9 ± 15.3 | 63.8 ± 14.9 | 0.24 |
| Male | 636 (62.8%) | 409 (67.4%) | 0.061 |
| Race | 0.68 | ||
| Black | 434 (42.8%) | 258 (42.5%) | |
| White | 114 (11.3%) | 67 (11.0%) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 265 (26.2%) | 166 (27.3%) | |
| Asian | 75 (7.4%) | 33 (5.4%) | |
| Other | 98 (9.7%) | 63 (10.4%) | |
| Unknown | 27 (2.7%) | 20 (3.3%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.9 ± 6.9 | 27.3 ± 7.3 | 0.22 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 44.2 ± 19.9 | 44.2 ± 19.9 | 0.96 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 211 (20.8%) | 120 (19.8%) | 0.61 |
| Invasive PA catheter | 167 (16.5%) | 107 (17.6%) | 0.55 |
| Impella | 14 (1.4%) | 6 (1.0%) | 0.49 |
| IABP | 47 (4.6%) | 30 (4.9%) | 0.78 |
| Dialysis | 91 (9.0%) | 61 (10.0%) | 0.48 |
| Cardiac arrest | 94 (9.3%) | 52 (8.6%) | 0.63 |
| Targeted temperature management | 46 (4.5%) | 25 (4.1%) | 0.69 |
| Shock | 220 (21.7%) | 145 (23.9%) | 0.31 |
| Pressor or Inotrope | 293 (28.9%) | 170 (28.0%) | 0.69 |
| Norepinephrine | 256 (25.3%) | 144 (23.7%) | 0.48 |
| Vasopressin | 150 (14.8%) | 89 (14.7%) | 0.94 |
| Dobutamine | 172 (17.0%) | 103 (17.0%) | 1.00 |
| Milrinone | 44 (4.3%) | 19 (3.1%) | 0.22 |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%).
BMI = body mass index; IABP = intra-aortic balloon pump; LVAD = left ventricular assist device; PA = pulmonary artery.