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. 2024 Nov 19;16:48. doi: 10.1186/s13089-024-00396-z

Fig. 13.

Fig. 13

The A wave is generated by the contraction of the RA during atrial systole, increasing the RAP and pushing blood backward toward the liver. RA, right atrium; RAP, right atrial pressure; IVC, inferior vena cava; HV, hepatic vein; RV, right ventricle; SVC, superior vena cava; PA, pulmonary artery