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The V wave, appearing towards the end of ventricular systole, represents a transitional phase as the tricuspid annulus returns to its original position, inducing a retrograde wave that may manifest either above or below the baseline. RA, right atrium; IVC, inferior vena cava; HV, hepatic vein; RV, right ventricle; SVC, superior vena cava; PA, pulmonary artery
