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The D wave arises during ventricular diastole when the tricuspid valve opens, permitting blood to travel from the HV into the IVC and subsequently into the RA, thereby generating the antegrade D wave. HV, hepatic vein; IVC, inferior vena cava; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; SVC, superior vena cava; PA, pulmonary artery
