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. 2024 Nov 19;15:10002. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54296-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a PCA plots for pseudobulk RNA-seq analysis of samples by diagnosis. Red is control (CTRL) and blue is AF cases. Female samples are shaped as circular and male samples by triangles. b Volcano plot displaying the differentially expressed genes in macrophages between controls and AF cases. c Volcano plot displaying the differentially expressed genes in CMs between controls and AF cases. Volcano plots show log fold change and two-sided P-value expression changes between AF and CTRL for each gene tested using limma–voom differential expression analysis (“Methods”).