Table 2.
Comparison of laboratory parameters and clinical features in the study population. [*Mann–Whitney test was used to compare non-normal continuous variables; chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables expressed in median and interquartile range (IQR). †Statistically significant. White Blood Cell/Leukocytes/WBC; neutrophils/segmented/SEG; eosinophils/EOS; basophils/BAS; monocytes/MON; lymphocytes/LYM. ¹Characterization considering WHO recommendations13.
| Variable | Hospitalised with COVID-19 | COVID-19 Severity ¹ | N° symptoms in Long Covid | Time of Long Covid, months | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leucogram (n = 300) | Yes (n = 90) |
No (n = 210) |
P-Value* | Mild/moderate (n = 232) | Severe (n = 68) |
P-Value* | ≤ 6 (n = 281) |
> 6 (n = 19) |
P-Value* | ≤ 3 (n = 33) |
> 3 (n = 267) |
P-Value* | ≤ 6 (n = 82) |
> 6 (n = 218) |
P-Value* | ≤ 12 (n = 210) |
> 12 (n = 90) |
P-Value* |
| WBC (thousand/mm3), median (IQR) | 7.2 (3.2) | 6.2 (2.5) | 0.00† | 6.2 (2.6) | 7.4 (3) | 0.00† | 6.5 (2.7) | 6.6 (3.3) | 0.90 | 6.2 (2.5) | 6.5 (2.7) | 0.35 | 6.5 (3) | 6.4 (2.6) | 0.74 | 6.5 (2.7) | 6.4 (2.7) | 0.79 |
| < 5.000, n (%) | 12 (13.3) | 42 (20) | 0.17 | 46 (19.8) | 8 (11.7) | 0.12 | 51 (18.1) | 3 (15.7) | 0.80 | 6 (18.1) | 48 (17.9) | 0.98 | 17 (20.7) | 37 (16.9) | 0.45 | 37 (17.6) | 17 (18.8) | 0.79 |
| > 10.000, n (%) | 9 (10) | 14 (6.6) | 0.32 | 14 (6) | 9 (13.2) | 0.04† | 21 (7.4) | 2 (10.5) | 0.63 | 0 | 22 (8.2) | 0.08 | 7 (8.5) | 16 (7.3) | 0.72 | 17 (8) | 6 (6.6) | 0.67 |
| SEG (thousand/mm3), median (IQR) | 4.1 (2.8) | 3.7 (1.8) | 0.12 | 3.7 (1.8) | 4.1 (2.1) | 0.03† | 3.8 (1.9) | 3.7 (1.7) | 0.97 | 3.3 (1.4) | 3.8 (1.9) | 0.25 | 4 (2.1) | 3.8 (1.7) | 0.96 | 3.9 (1.9) | 3.7 (1.7) | 0.77 |
| < 3.000, n (%) | 19 (21.1) | 55 (26.1) | 0.35 | 64 (27.5) | 10 (14.7) | 0.03† | 70 (24.9) | 4 (21) | 0.71 | 11 (33.3) | 63 (23.5) | 0.22 | 25 (30.4) | 49 (22.4) | 0.15 | 54 (25.7) | 20 (22.2) | 0.52 |
| > 5.000, n (%) | 28 (31.1) | 44 (20.9) | 0.06 | 49 (21.1) | 23 (33.8) | 0.03† | 67 (23.8) | 5 (26.3) | 0.81 | 6 (18.1) | 66 (24.7) | 0.41 | 21 (25.6) | 51 (23.3) | 0.68 | 53 (25.2) | 19 (21.1) | 0.44 |
| EOS (/mm3), median (IQR) | 205.5 (120.2) | 182.5 (139) | 0.16 | 182.5 (142.7) | 212 (114) | 0.09 | 189 (140) | 181 (133) | 0.54 | 269 (128) | 185 (135) | 0.00† | 182 (164) | 191 (131) | 0.75 | 196 (146) | 186.5 (120.5) | 0.42 |
| < 100, n (%) | 12 (13.3) | 36 (17.1) | 0.41 | 41 (17.6) | 7 (10.2) | 0.14 | 44 (15.6) | 4 (21) | 0.53 | 3 (9) | 45 (16.8) | 0.25 | 18 (21.9) | 30 (13.7) | 0.08 | 33 (15.7) | 15 (16.6) | 0.83 |
| > 300, n (%) | 17 (18.8) | 35 (16.6) | 0.64 | 39 (16.8) | 13 (19.1) | 0.65 | 48 (17) | 4 (21) | 0.66 | 11 (33.3) | 41 (15.3) | 0.01† | 15 (18.2) | 37 (16.9) | 0.70 | 38 (18) | 14 (15.5) | 0.59 |
| BAS (/mm3), median (IQR) | 26 (67) | 24.5 (62) | 0.76 | 26.5 (63) | 15 (64) | 0.86 | 27 (63) | 0 (62) | 0.51 | 45 (67) | 24 (63) | 0.45 | 29 (60) | 19 (64) | 0.52 | 32 (65) | 0 (60) | 0.06 |
| > 100, n (%) | 5 (5.5) | 8 (3.8) | 0.50 | 8 (3.4) | 5 (7.3) | 0.16 | 12 (4.2) | 1 (5.2) | 0.84 | 0 | 13 (4.8) | 0.20 | 2 (2.4) | 11 (5) | 0.33 | 10 (4.7) | 3 (3.3) | 0.54 |
| MON (/mm3), median (IQR) | 214.5 (178) | 204 (148.7) | 0.48 | 202 (153.7) | 218.5 (165.7) | 0.26 | 202 (140) | 292 (219) | 0.09 | 169 (101) | 213 (149) | 0.08 | 218 (209) | 204 (133) | 0.36 | 202 (146) | 212 (149) | 0.25 |
| < 200, n (%) | 41 (45.5) | 101 (48) | 0.69 | 114 (49.1) | 28 (41.1) | 0.24 | 136 (48.3) | 6 (31.5) | 0.16 | 21 (63.6) | 121 (45.3) | 0.04† | 38 (46.3) | 104 (47.7) | 0.83 | 101 (48) | 41 (45.5) | 0.68 |
| > 400, n (%) | 13 (14.4) | 24 (11.4) | 0.47 | 27 (11.6) | 10 (14.7) | 0.49 | 34 (12) | 3 (15.7) | 0.64 | 3 (9) | 35 (13.1) | 0.55 | 16 (19.5) | 21 (9.6) | 0.02† | 28 (13.3) | 9 (10) | 0.42 |
| LYM (thousand/mm3), median (IQR) | 2.4 (1) | 2.1 (0.7) | < 0.00† | 2.1 (0.7) | 2.5 (1) | 0.00† | 2.1 (0.8) | 2.0 (1.0) | 1.00 | 2.0 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.8) | 0.21 | 2.1 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.8) | 0.91 | 2.1 (0.8) | 2.1 (0.8) | 0.62 |
| < 1.500, n (%) | 9 (10) | 22 (10.4) | 0.47 | 24 (10.3) | 7 (10.2) | 0.46 | 30 (10.6) | 1 (5.2) | 0.50 | 4 (12.1) | 27 (10.1) | 0.61 | 9 (10.9) | 22 (10) | 0.97 | 26 (12.3) | 5 (5.5) | 0.11 |
| > 2.500, n (%) | 39 (43.3) | 54 (25.7) | 0.00† | 61 (26.2) | 32 (47) | 0.00† | 86 (30.6) | 7 (36.8) | 0.62 | 7 (21.2) | 86 (32.2) | 0.08 | 27 (32.9) | 68 (31.1) | 0.77 | 66 (31.4) | 29 (32.2) | 0.89 |