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. 2024 Nov 19;14:28617. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-75920-1

Table 2.

Comparison of laboratory parameters and clinical features in the study population. [*Mann–Whitney test was used to compare non-normal continuous variables; chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables expressed in median and interquartile range (IQR). †Statistically significant. White Blood Cell/Leukocytes/WBC; neutrophils/segmented/SEG; eosinophils/EOS; basophils/BAS; monocytes/MON; lymphocytes/LYM. ¹Characterization considering WHO recommendations13.

Variable Hospitalised with COVID-19 COVID-19 Severity ¹ N° symptoms in Long Covid Time of Long Covid, months
Leucogram (n = 300) Yes
(n = 90)
No
(n = 210)
P-Value* Mild/moderate (n = 232) Severe
(n = 68)
P-Value* ≤ 6
(n = 281)
> 6
(n = 19)
P-Value* ≤ 3
(n = 33)
> 3
(n = 267)
P-Value* ≤ 6
(n = 82)
> 6
(n = 218)
P-Value* ≤ 12
(n = 210)
> 12
(n = 90)
P-Value*
WBC (thousand/mm3), median (IQR) 7.2 (3.2) 6.2 (2.5) 0.00† 6.2 (2.6) 7.4 (3) 0.00† 6.5 (2.7) 6.6 (3.3) 0.90 6.2 (2.5) 6.5 (2.7) 0.35 6.5 (3) 6.4 (2.6) 0.74 6.5 (2.7) 6.4 (2.7) 0.79
< 5.000, n (%) 12 (13.3) 42 (20) 0.17 46 (19.8) 8 (11.7) 0.12 51 (18.1) 3 (15.7) 0.80 6 (18.1) 48 (17.9) 0.98 17 (20.7) 37 (16.9) 0.45 37 (17.6) 17 (18.8) 0.79
> 10.000, n (%) 9 (10) 14 (6.6) 0.32 14 (6) 9 (13.2) 0.04 21 (7.4) 2 (10.5) 0.63 0 22 (8.2) 0.08 7 (8.5) 16 (7.3) 0.72 17 (8) 6 (6.6) 0.67
SEG (thousand/mm3), median (IQR) 4.1 (2.8) 3.7 (1.8) 0.12 3.7 (1.8) 4.1 (2.1) 0.03† 3.8 (1.9) 3.7 (1.7) 0.97 3.3 (1.4) 3.8 (1.9) 0.25 4 (2.1) 3.8 (1.7) 0.96 3.9 (1.9) 3.7 (1.7) 0.77
< 3.000, n (%) 19 (21.1) 55 (26.1) 0.35 64 (27.5) 10 (14.7) 0.03† 70 (24.9) 4 (21) 0.71 11 (33.3) 63 (23.5) 0.22 25 (30.4) 49 (22.4) 0.15 54 (25.7) 20 (22.2) 0.52
> 5.000, n (%) 28 (31.1) 44 (20.9) 0.06 49 (21.1) 23 (33.8) 0.03† 67 (23.8) 5 (26.3) 0.81 6 (18.1) 66 (24.7) 0.41 21 (25.6) 51 (23.3) 0.68 53 (25.2) 19 (21.1) 0.44
EOS (/mm3), median (IQR) 205.5 (120.2) 182.5 (139) 0.16 182.5 (142.7) 212 (114) 0.09 189 (140) 181 (133) 0.54 269 (128) 185 (135) 0.00† 182 (164) 191 (131) 0.75 196 (146) 186.5 (120.5) 0.42
< 100, n (%) 12 (13.3) 36 (17.1) 0.41 41 (17.6) 7 (10.2) 0.14 44 (15.6) 4 (21) 0.53 3 (9) 45 (16.8) 0.25 18 (21.9) 30 (13.7) 0.08 33 (15.7) 15 (16.6) 0.83
> 300, n (%) 17 (18.8) 35 (16.6) 0.64 39 (16.8) 13 (19.1) 0.65 48 (17) 4 (21) 0.66 11 (33.3) 41 (15.3) 0.01† 15 (18.2) 37 (16.9) 0.70 38 (18) 14 (15.5) 0.59
BAS (/mm3), median (IQR) 26 (67) 24.5 (62) 0.76 26.5 (63) 15 (64) 0.86 27 (63) 0 (62) 0.51 45 (67) 24 (63) 0.45 29 (60) 19 (64) 0.52 32 (65) 0 (60) 0.06
> 100, n (%) 5 (5.5) 8 (3.8) 0.50 8 (3.4) 5 (7.3) 0.16 12 (4.2) 1 (5.2) 0.84 0 13 (4.8) 0.20 2 (2.4) 11 (5) 0.33 10 (4.7) 3 (3.3) 0.54
MON (/mm3), median (IQR) 214.5 (178) 204 (148.7) 0.48 202 (153.7) 218.5 (165.7) 0.26 202 (140) 292 (219) 0.09 169 (101) 213 (149) 0.08 218 (209) 204 (133) 0.36 202 (146) 212 (149) 0.25
< 200, n (%) 41 (45.5) 101 (48) 0.69 114 (49.1) 28 (41.1) 0.24 136 (48.3) 6 (31.5) 0.16 21 (63.6) 121 (45.3) 0.04† 38 (46.3) 104 (47.7) 0.83 101 (48) 41 (45.5) 0.68
> 400, n (%) 13 (14.4) 24 (11.4) 0.47 27 (11.6) 10 (14.7) 0.49 34 (12) 3 (15.7) 0.64 3 (9) 35 (13.1) 0.55 16 (19.5) 21 (9.6) 0.02† 28 (13.3) 9 (10) 0.42
LYM (thousand/mm3), median (IQR) 2.4 (1) 2.1 (0.7) < 0.00† 2.1 (0.7) 2.5 (1) 0.00† 2.1 (0.8) 2.0 (1.0) 1.00 2.0 (0.6) 2.1 (0.8) 0.21 2.1 (0.7) 2.1 (0.8) 0.91 2.1 (0.8) 2.1 (0.8) 0.62
< 1.500, n (%) 9 (10) 22 (10.4) 0.47 24 (10.3) 7 (10.2) 0.46 30 (10.6) 1 (5.2) 0.50 4 (12.1) 27 (10.1) 0.61 9 (10.9) 22 (10) 0.97 26 (12.3) 5 (5.5) 0.11
> 2.500, n (%) 39 (43.3) 54 (25.7) 0.00† 61 (26.2) 32 (47) 0.00† 86 (30.6) 7 (36.8) 0.62 7 (21.2) 86 (32.2) 0.08 27 (32.9) 68 (31.1) 0.77 66 (31.4) 29 (32.2) 0.89