FIGURE 2.

Epigenetic regulation in ferroptosis. (A) Posttranslational modifications of histones, such as acylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, regulate DNA accessibility and the expression of ferroptosis‐related genes, thereby modulating the cellular ferroptosis response. (B) miRNAs regulate ferroptosis by inhibiting mRNA translation or promoting mRNA degradation, while lncRNAs and circRNAs function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), sponging miRNAs to modulate the expression of ferroptosis‐related genes such as SLC7A11 and GPX4. (C) m6A modifications regulate ferroptosis by altering the mRNA stability of key genes such as SLC7A11, GPX4, and FSP1 through the coordinated actions of methyltransferases, demethylases, and reader proteins. ACSL4, acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4; BAP1, BRCA1‐associated deubiquitinase 1; BECN1, beclin 1; CBS, cystathionine beta‐synthase; DMT1, divalent metal transporter 1; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; FPN, ferroportin; FSP1, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; FTH1, ferritin heavy chain 1; FTO, FTO alpha‐ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase; GCH1, GTP cyclohydrolase‐1; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; H2Aub, ubiquitination of histones H2A; H2Bub, ubiquitination of histones H2B; IGF2BP3, insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3; KAT5, lysine acetyltransferase 5; LSH, lymphoid‐specific helicase; NKAP, NF‐κB activating protein; m⁶A, N6‐methyladenosine; MAT2A, methionine adenosyltransferase 2A; METTL4, methyltransferase‐like 4; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; SLC1A5, solute carrier family 1 member 5; SLC3A2, solute carrier family 3 member 2; SLC7A11, solute carrier family 7 member 11; Snail, snail family transcriptional repressor 1; TF, transferrin; YTHDF1, YTH N6‐methyladenosine RNA binding protein F1.