Common global diseases caused by bacterial infection, with the main sources of infection, key effects, annual deaths, and common detection methods.

Pathogen	Source	Effects	Annual deaths	Detection method	Reference
E. coli O157 : H7	Raw vegetables, undercooked beef unpasteurized milk, fruit juice	Diarrhea, stomach pain, hemorrhagic colitis, and HUS	200 000	Conventional methods, ELISA PCR, biosensors, etc.	3
Salmonella	Raw and undercooked egg, fruits and vegetables	Diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps	155 000	RT-PCR, SPR, QCM, impedimetry, etc.	17
					18
Shigella	Salads and unclean water	Diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps	1.1 million	PCR, rep-PCR, culture methods, immunological methods etc.	19
					17
Clostridium botulinum	Meat, poultry, cooked dried beans and gravies	Diarrhea and stomach cramps	—	PCR, nested PCR, real-time PCR	20
Norovirus	Eating food or drinking liquids contaminated by an infected person	Vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps	200 000	Real-time PCR	10
Staphylococcus aureus	Cooked ham, salads, and bakery products	High fever, nausea, and vomiting	19 832	Conventional methods, molecular biological methods, optical immunoassays	9
Bacillus cereus	Raw plant foods, such as rice, potatoes, peas, beans, and spices	Intestinal illnesses with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea	—	Immunosensors and DNA biosensors etc.	21
Listeria monocytogenes	Raw, unpasteurized milks and cheeses, ice cream, raw or processed vegetables, fruits	Fever, muscle aches, headache	260	Conventional culture methods, PCR etc.	22