Table 2.
Review of the literature on intrahepatic gallbladder perforation
|
Ref.
|
Year
|
Age
|
Sex
|
Classification1
|
Past history
|
Abdominal pain
|
Fever
|
Neusa or vomiting
|
Shock
|
Jaundice
|
Abnormal laboratory tests
|
Examinations
|
Treatment
|
| Paramythiotis et al[4] | 2022 | 69 | Female | B | DM, hypertension | 1 | 1 | CRP, ALT, AST, TBIL | US, MRCP | S2 | |||
| Paramythiotis et al[4] | 2022 | 79 | Male | B | Chronic abdominal pain | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | WBC, CRP, TBIL, GGT | CT, MRI | S1 | |
| Paramythiotis et al[4] | 2022 | 54 | Male | B | Chronic alcohol consumption | 1 | 1 | WBC, CRP, ALP | CT | D1+S1 | |||
| Mach et al[5] | 2022 | 55 | Male | A | Ccholelithiasis | 1 | 1 | HB | CT | S1 | |||
| Nikumbh et al[6] | 2020 | 55 | Male | B | Rheumatoid arthritis | 1 | 1 | N/A | US, CT, MRCP | D3+S2 | |||
| Nikumbh et al[6] | 2020 | 28 | Female | B | Cholelithiasis | 1 | N/A | CT, MRCP | D3+S2 | ||||
| Chikamori et al[7] | 2020 | 87 | Male | A, B | Cholelithiasis, CAD | 1 | 1 | 1 | WBC, CRP, ALT, AST, ALP | CT, cholangiography | D1 | ||
| Lan et al[8] | 2019 | 53 | Male | A | N/A | 1 | 1 | WBC, ALT, AST, TBIL, carbohydrate antigen-199 | CT | S1 | |||
| Parekh et al[9] | 2019 | 68 | Female | B | N/A | 1 | 1 | N/A | CT | D3 | |||
| Ke et al[10] | 2017 | 44 | Male | A | Hepatic hemangiomas, cholelithiasis | 1 | HB | CT | S1 | ||||
| Williams et al[11] | 2017 | 61 | Male | B | N/A | 1 | 1 | 1 | CRP, ALP | CT | D3+S2 | ||
| Hussain et al[12] | 2016 | 72 | Male | B | Cholelithiasis | 1 | 1 | 1 | WBC, CRP | CT | D1+S2 | ||
| Hussain et al[12] | 2016 | 62 | Male | B | Cholelithiasis | 1 | 1 | WBC, CRP | US, CT | D1+S2 | |||
| Cristian et al[13] | 2014 | 76 | Male | B | Hypertension, a repaired inguinal hernia | 1 | 1 | 1 | WBC, CRP | X-ray, US, CT | S2 | ||
| Donati et al[14] | 2014 | 62 | Male | B | Inguinal hernia | 1 | WBC | US, CT, MRI | S3 | ||||
| Alessiani et al[15] | 2014 | 77 | Male | B | Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, atrial fibrillation | 1 | 1 | WBC, ALT, AST | US, CT | D1 | |||
| Agarwal et al[16] | 2013 | 18 | Male | B | N/A | 1 | N/A | US, CT | S3 | ||||
| Agarwal et al[16] | 2013 | 40 | Male | B | N/A | 1 | N/A | US | D1+S2 | ||||
| Agarwal et al[16] | 2013 | 42 | Male | B | N/A | 1 | N/A | US, MRCP | S2 | ||||
| Singh et al[17] | 2013 | 50 | Male | B | Chronic abdominal pain | 1 | N/A | US, CT | S1 | ||||
| Hollanda et al[18] | 2013 | 50 | Male | C | N/A | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | WBC, ALT, AST, TBIL | US, CT | S1 | |
| Coulier et al[19] | 2012 | 68 | Male | A | Epigastric pain | 1 | 1 | HB, CRP, ALT, AST | CT, MRI | S1 | |||
| Taneja et al[20] | 2012 | 62 | Male | C | N/A | 1 | 1 | WBC, ALT, AST, ALP | US, CT | D1+S1 | |||
| Kalfadis et al[21] | 2011 | 95 | Male | C | Cholelithiasis, hypertension | 1 | 1 | WBC, GGT | US, CT | D1 | |||
| Göbel et al[22] | 2011 | 30 | Female | B | Hypertension, nephrectomy, hypernephroma, cholelithiasis | 1 | 1 | WBC, CRP | US, CT | S1 | |||
| Shakya et al[23] | 2010 | 60 | Male | N/A | Epigastric pain | 1 | 1 | 1 | WBC, ALT, AST, TBIL, ALP | X-ray, US | S1 | ||
| Tsai et al[24] | 2010 | 66 | Male | C | COPD, chronic kidney disease | 1 | 1 | 1 | WBC, ALP | US, CT | D2 | ||
| Kochar et al[25] | 2008 | 67 | Male | B | DM, diverticular disease, stroke | 1 | 1 | WBC, CRP, ALP | US, CT, abscessogram,MRCP | D1+S1 | |||
| Łebkowski et al[26] | 2008 | 80 | Male | A | Hypertension | 1 | 1 | N/A | US | S1 | |||
| Nural et al[27] | 2007 | 73 | Male | A | COPD, CAD, DM, hypertension | 1 | 1 | WBC, ALT | CT | S1 | |||
| Kang et al[28] | 2007 | 70 | Male | B | Stroke | 1 | 1 | N/A | CT | D1+D3 | |||
| Ceylan et al[29] | 2003 | 13 | Male | N/A | N/A | 1 | 1 | 1 | WBC, ALT, AST, TBIL, ALP | US | conservative drug treatment | ||
| Peer et al[30] | 1994 | 69-81 | 2 males, 2 females | B | DM | 1 | 1 | WBC, ALP | CT | D1+S1 | |||
| Chen et al[31] | 1990 | 60 | Male | B | Alcohol consumption | 1 | 1 | 1 | WBC, AST, ALP | US | S1 | ||
| Syme et al[32] | 1989 | 74 | Female | A | Cholelithiasis | 1 | 1 | N/A | N/A | S1 | |||
| Teefey et al[33] | 1987 | 69 | Male | B | DM | 1 | WBC, AST, TBIL, ALP | US, CT | S1 | ||||
| Teefey et al[33] | 1987 | 55 | Male | B | N/A | 1 | 1 | WBC, ALP | US, CT | D1+S1 |
Classification: A: Hemorrhage; B: Liver abscess; C: Liver biloma.
DM: Diabetes mellitus; CAD: Coronary arterial disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; N/A: Not applicable; CRP: C-reactive protein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; HB: Hemoglobin; WBC: White blood cell; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; US: Ultrasound; CT: Computed tomography; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; S1: Open surgery; S2: Laparoscopic surgery; S3: Laparoscopic conversion to open surgery; D1: Percutaneous drainage; D2: Endoscopic nasal bile drainage; D3: Endoscopic drainage by the placement of a stent.