Table 4.
Estimates From Multilevel Poisson Regression Predicting Limitations to Normal Daily Activities Reported for Each Chronic Condition by Comorbid Conditions, PSID 2005–2021
| Part 1* | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditions | Hypertension Limitations | Arthritis Limitations | Diabetes Limitations | Heart Condition Limitations | Cancer Limitations | |||||
| IRR | CI | IRR | CI | IRR | CI | IRR | CI | IRR | CI | |
| Hypertension | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 1.09 | 1.07–1.12*** | 1.02 | 1.00–1.05 | 0.97 | 0.93–1.00 | ||
| Arthritis | 1.21 | 1.19–1.23*** | 1.07 | 1.05–1.09*** | 1.11 | 1.09–1.13*** | 0.99 | 0.96–1.03 | ||
| Diabetes | 1.27 | 1.24–1.29*** | 1.07 | 1.05–1.09*** | 0.97 | 0.94–1.00 | 0.93 | 0.89–0.98 | ||
| Heart condition | 1.22 | 1.20–1.24*** | 1.06 | 1.05–1.07*** | 1.16 | 1.13–1.19*** | 1.08 | 1.03–1.12*** | ||
| Cancer | 1.03 | 1.01–1.06 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 1.05 | 1.02–1.08 | 0.96 | 0.94–0.98*** | ||
| Lung disease | 1.16 | 1.13–1.18*** | 1.05 | 1.04–1.06*** | 0.96 | 0.94–0.99 | 1.12 | 1.09–1.14*** | 0.87 | 0.84–0.90*** |
| Stroke | 1.17 | 1.15–1.20*** | 0.98 | 0.97–1.00 | 1.01 | 0.98–1.04 | 1.06 | 1.03–1.09*** | 1.04 | 0.99–1.09 |
| Depression | 0.97 | 0.95–0.99 | 1.09 | 1.07–1.11*** | 1.04 | 1.01–1.07 | 1.05 | 1.02–1.08*** | 0.91 | 0.86–0.96*** |
| Memory loss | 1.16 | 1.13–1.18*** | 1.07 | 1.05–1.09*** | 1.24 | 1.21–1.28*** | 1.25 | 1.22–1.28*** | 1.04 | 0.99–1.10 |
| Random effects | ||||||||||
| Intercept variance | 3.87 | 0.77 | 2.18 | 1.31 | 6.42 | |||||
| Residual variance | 13.90 | 2.01 | 9.18 | 5.49 | 33.30 | |||||
| ICC | 0.78 | 0.72 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.84 | |||||
| N | 3 304 | 2 695 | 1 459 | 1 275 | 1 124 | |||||
| Observations | 13 449 | 9 228 | 5 163 | 3 788 | 3 315 | |||||
| Conditional R2 | 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.86 | |||||
| Part 2* | ||||||||||
| Conditions | Lung disease limitations | Stroke limitations | Depression limitations | Memory loss limitations | ||||||
| IRR | CI | IRR | CI | IRR | CI | IRR | CI | |||
| Hypertension | 1.07 | 1.05–1.10*** | 1.05 | 1.01–1.09 | 0.97 | 0.92–1.01 | 1.14 | 1.09–1.18*** | ||
| Arthritis | 1.11 | 1.08–1.14*** | 1.06 | 1.03–1.09*** | 1.11 | 1.06–1.15*** | 0.97 | 0.94–1.00 | ||
| Diabetes | 0.95 | 0.92–0.99 | 1.33 | 1.27–1.39*** | 0.98 | 0.92–1.04 | 1.16 | 1.11–1.22*** | ||
| Heart condition | 1.06 | 1.03–1.08*** | 0.96 | 0.93–1.00 | 1.12 | 1.08–1.17*** | 1.10 | 1.06–1.15*** | ||
| Cancer | 1.08 | 1.05–1.11*** | 1.14 | 1.09–1.19*** | 0.97 | 0.92–1.02 | 0.97 | 0.92–1.02 | ||
| Lung disease | 1.08 | 1.04–1.11*** | 1.09 | 1.04–1.14*** | 0.99 | 0.95–1.04 | ||||
| Stroke | 1.00 | 0.97–1.03 | 0.99 | 0.93–1.05 | 1.07 | 1.02–1.11 | ||||
| Depression | 1.11 | 1.08–1.15*** | 0.96 | 0.92–1.00 | 1.12 | 1.08–1.17*** | ||||
| Memory loss | 1.04 | 1.01–1.08 | 1.45 | 1.41–1.50*** | 1.20 | 1.15–1.25*** | ||||
| Random effects | ||||||||||
| Intercept variance | 1.19 | 1.51 | 1.27 | 0.47 | ||||||
| Residual variance | 5.23 | 6.97 | 5.92 | 0.89 | ||||||
| ICC | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.66 | ||||||
| N | 873 | 701 | 494 | 533 | ||||||
| Observations | 2 143 | 1 882 | 1 137 | 986 | ||||||
| Conditional R2 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.68 | ||||||
CI = confidence interval; ICC = intraclass correlation coefficient; IRR = incidence rate ratio; PSID = Panel Study of Income Dynamics.
* Part 1 presents estimates from models predicting limitations reported for hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, heart condition, and cancer. Part 2 presents estimates from models predicting limitations reported for lung disease, stroke, depression, and memory loss. Models adjusted for age, age squared, sex, race/ethnicity, education, household income, household wealth, region of residence, body mass index, mother’s education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and proxy response; weighted by sampling weights taken at first observation.
*** p < .001.