Table 2.
Impact of GDM on maternal outcomes in twin pregnancies (n = 1003)
| maternal outcomes | Non-GDM group (n = 785) | GDM group (n = 218) | OR (95%CI) | aOR (95% CI) | p-Value Adjusted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hypertensive disorders | 170(21.7) | 44(20.2) | 0.92(0.63,1.33) | 0.88(0.60,1.29) | 0.515 | |
| pre-eclampsia | total | 114(14.5) | 27(12.4) | 0.83(0.53,1.30) | 0.84(0.53,1.34) | 0.458 |
| < 37 weeks | 100(12.7) | 23(10.6) | 0.81(0.50,1.31) | 0.82(0.50,1.35) | 0.442 | |
| < 34 weeks | 20(2.5) | 4(1.8) | 0.72(0.24,2.11) | 0.80(0.26,2.45) | 0.701 | |
| preterm rupture of membranes | 114(14.5) | 37(17) | 1.20(0.80,1.81) | 1.26(0.82,1.93) | 0.288 | |
| preterm delivery | < 37 weeks | 496(63.2) | 134(61.5) | 0.93(0.68,1.27) | 0.97(0.70,1.33) | 0.836 |
| < 34 weeks | 83(10.6) | 29(13.3) | 1.30(0.83,2.04) | 1.38(0.85,2.24) | 0.194 | |
| excessive amniotic fluid | 15(1.9) | 4(1.8) | 0.96(0.32,2.92) | 1.08(0.33,3.47) | 0.902 | |
| fetal distress | 58(7.4) | 20(9.2) | 1.27(0.74,2.16) | 1.25(0.71,2.19) | 0.443 | |
| fetal death | 7(0.9) | 1(0.5) | 0.51(0.06,4.19) | 0.20(0.01,3.77) | 0.280 | |
| mode of delivery (Cesarean section) | 766(97.6) | 212(97.2) | 0.88(0.35,2.22) | 1.17(0.41,3.36) | 0.766 | |
| postpartum hemorrhage | 32(4.1) | 11(5.0) | 1.25(0.62,2.52) | 1.22(0.59,2.53) | 0.591 | |
aOR: Adjusted odds ratio.CI: Confidence interval. AOR was corrected for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, early and middle pregnancy BMI gain, history of GDM, family history of type II diabetes, and geographic differences as covariates with P-values < 0.05 for all models