Table 2.

Performance comparisons of the model predictions. The root means square error metric is used for evaluation

Model	RMSE (0–20%)	RMSE (20–40%)	RMSE (40–60%)	RMSE (60–80%)	RMSE (80–100%)	RMSE	MAE	MAPE	R squared
Ridge	2.10	2.50	3.00	3.80	4.10	3.72	2.90	13.5	0.85
XGBoost	2.00	2.40	2.80	3.60	4.0	3.56	2.72	12.8	0.87
MLP	2.15	2.55	2.95	3.75	4.05	3.71	2.84	13.2	0.85
RF	2.05	2.85	2.85	3.65	4.05	3.64	2.80	13.0	0.86