Table 2.
Summary of clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of 334 OPD cases: total cohort and groups based on case number of each surgeon
| Total | Group 1 (1-10) | Group 2 (11-20) | Group 3 (>20) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of pancreaticoduodenectomies | 334 | 140 | 123 | 71 | |
| Training institution | |||||
| institution A, n (%) | 303 (91) | 130 (93) | 113 (92) | 60 (85) | 0.122 |
| institution B, n (%) | 31 (9) | 10(7) | 10 (8) | 11 (15) | |
| Age y, median (IQR) | 70 (63-76) | 69 (62-75) | 70 (63-77) | 71 (63-76) | 0.393 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female, n (%) | 137 (41) | 58 (41) | 42 (34) | 37 (52) | 0.049 |
| Male, n (%) | 197 (59) | 82 (59) | 81 (66) | 34 (48) | |
| BMI kg/m2 (IQR) | 22 (20-25) | 22 (21-25) | 22 (20-25) | 22 (20-24) | 0.866 |
| Disease | |||||
| PDAC, n (%) | 113 (34) | 37 (26) | 44 (36) | 32 (45) | 0.204 |
| Ampulla of Vater/duodenal tumor, n (%) | 70 (21) | 33 (24) | 27 (22) | 10 (14) | |
| IPMN, n (%) | 67 (20) | 35 (25) | 20 (16) | 12 (17) | |
| Bile duct cancer, n (%) | 50 (15) | 20 (14) | 21 (17) | 9 (13) | |
| Pancreatic NEN/SPN/SCN | 18 (5) | 10 (7) | 4 (3) | 4 (6) | |
| Others, n (%) | 16 (5) | 5 (4) | 7 (6) | 4 (6) | |
| Preoperative biliary drainage yes, n (%) | 144 (43) | 49 (35) | 59 (48) | 36 (51) | 0.037 |
| Combined vascular resection yes, n (%) | 54 (16) | 16 (11) | 24 (20) | 14 (20) | 0.136 |
| Operative time min, median (IQR) | 455 (397-519) | 465 (394-519) | 459 (405-532) | 425 (382-491) | 0.056 |
| Blood loss ml, median (IQR) | 450 (234-716) | 500 (263-743) | 450 (215-815) | 340 (200-560) | 0.090 |
| Blood transfusion n (%) | 32 (10) | 14 (10) | 16 (13) | 2 (3) | 0.066 |
| Hospital deaths n (%) | 5 (1.5) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (1.4) | 0.989 |
| Surgical complications of Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIa | |||||
| All | 166 (50) | 66 (47) | 66 (54) | 34 (48) | 0.541 |
| POPF ≥ grade B, n (%) | 96 (29) | 42 (30) | 38 (31) | 16 (23) | 0.423 |
| DGE, n (%) | 27 (8) | 10 (7) | 9 (7) | 8 (11) | 0.540 |
| SSI, n (%) | 19 (6) | 10 (7) | 6 (5) | 3 (4) | 0.611 |
| Bile leak, n (%) | 13 (4) | 5 (4) | 6 (5) | 2 (3) | 0.749 |
| Abdominal bleeding, n (%) | 6 (2) | 1 (1) | 5 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.055 |
| LOS days, median (IQR) | 28 (21-38) | 28 (19-38) | 28 (22-39) | 24 (19-39) | 0.229 |
PDAC: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, IPMN: Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm, NEN: Neuroendocrine Neoplasm, Neoplasm
SPN: Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm, SCN: Serous Cyst
POPF: Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula, DGE: Delayed Gastric Emptying, SSI: Surgical Site Infection
LOS: length of postoperative hospital stay