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. 2024 Nov 20;14:95. doi: 10.1186/s13561-024-00569-5

Table 5.

Heterogeneous effects

PANEL A: Female students & Institutional quality
Dependent variables: Children under one year of age fully vaccinated
Moderate Female students Institutional quality
Female student Preprimary female student Secondary female student High school female student Business support services Law & Order
Columns (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
GEOSSt-1 0.258*** 0.283*** 0.222*** 0.118* 0.127*** 0.118**
(0.093) (0.093) (0.084) (0.061) (0.046) (0.046)
GEOSSt-1 ×Moderate¯ -0.022*** -0.026*** -0.021** -0.011* -0.022*** -0.019**
(0.008) (0.009) (0.008) (0.006) (0.009) (0.008)
Dynamics Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Times Fes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Provinces Fes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Observations 378 378 378 378 378 378
R-squared 0.568 0.57 0.567 0.562 0.567 0.566
PANEL B: Infrastructures
Dependent variables: Children under one year of age fully vaccinated
Moderate Class (total) School (total) Hospital (total) Library (total) Library books Magazine office
Columns (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
GEOSSt-1 0.232*** 0.147*** 0.076*** 0.081*** 0.136*** 0.027***
(0.080) (0.054) (0.028) (0.026) (0.048) (0.010)
GEOSSt-1 ×Moderate¯ -0.026*** -0.024** -0.071** -0.028*** -0.023*** -0.013**
(0.009) (0.009) (0.029) (0.010) (0.009) (0.006)
Dynamics Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Times Fes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Provinces Fes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Observations 378 378 378 378 378 378
R-squared 0.569 0.567 0.566 0.569 0.568 0.564

Source: Authors. The final data covers the years from 2014 to 2019. The values of the moderation variables are averaged throughout the study period, thus the characteristics regarding socio-economic status are relatively exogenous to the research model. Standard errors in parentheses *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1