Table 1.
Distribution of demographics, maternal socioeconomic and health status and obstetric history between Term and Preterm groups
| Variables | Term (n = 1955) | preterm (n = 280) |
P | EPTB (n = 39) |
P | VPTB (n = 41) |
P | MLPTB (n = 200) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||||||||
| < 20 | 91 (4.7) | 17 (6.1) | 0.2 | 3 (7.7) | 0.3 | 2 (4.9) | 0.5 | 12 (6.0) | 0.7 |
| 20–24 | 475 (24.3) | 73 (26.1) | 8 (20.5) | 13 (31.7) | 52 (26.0) | ||||
| 25–29 | 593 (30.3) | 71 (25.4) | 7 (17.9) | 8 (19.5) | 56 (28.0) | ||||
| 30–34 | 454 (23.2) | 59 (21.1) | 11 (28.2) | 8 (19.5) | 40 (20.0) | ||||
| > 35 | 342 (17.5) | 60(21.4) | 10 (25.6) | 10 (24.4) | 40 (20.0) | ||||
| Pre-pregnancy weight | |||||||||
| Obese/overweight | 898 (45.9) | 123 (43.9) | 0.002 | 16 (41) | 0.8 | 14 (34.1) | 0.1 | 93 (46.5) | 0.002 |
| Normal weight | 952 (48.7) | 127 (45.4) | 21 (53.8) | 22 (53.7) | 84 (42.0) | ||||
| Underweight | 105 (5.4) | 30 (10.7) | 2 (5.1) | 5 (12.2) | 23 (11.5) | ||||
| Gravida | |||||||||
| Primigravida | 312 (16) | 59 (21) | 0.03 | 4 (10.3) | 0.28 | 26 (63.4) | 0.001 | 40 (20.0) | 0.18 |
| Multigravida | 1643(84) | 221(79) | 35 (89.7) | 15 (36.6) | 160 (80.0) | ||||
| Age at First Childbirth | |||||||||
| < 20 | 310 (15.9) | 51 (18.2) | < 0.001 | 10 (25.6) | 0.20 | 2 (4.9) | 0.02 | 39 (19.5) | < 0.001 |
| 20–25 | 1270 (65.0) | 151 (53.9) | 23 (59.0) | 26 (63.4) | 102 (51.0) | ||||
| 26–30 | 279 (14.3) | 48 (17.1) | 6 (15.4) | 7 (17.1) | 35 (17.5) | ||||
| > 30 | 96 (4.9) | 30 (10.7) | 0 | 6 (14.6) | 24 (12.0) | ||||
| Maternal and obstetrical complications | |||||||||
| Miscarage | |||||||||
| Yes | 379 (19.4) | 61 (21.8) | 0.35 | 10 (25.6) | 0.35 | 5 (12.2) | 0.22 | 46 (23.0) | 0.22 |
| No | 1576 (80.6) | 219 (78.2) | 29 (74.4) | 36 (87.8) | 1564 (77.0) | ||||
| Abortion | |||||||||
| Yes | 184 (9.4) | 27 (9.6) | 0.90 | 5 (12.8) | 0.48 | 3 (7.3) | 0.64 | 19 (9.5) | 0.98 |
| No | 1771 (90.6) | 253 (90.4) | 34 (87.2) | 38 (92.7) | 181 (90.5) | ||||
| Gestational diabet | |||||||||
| Yes | 48 (2.5) | 11 (3.9) | 0.15 | 0 | 0.30 | 4 (9.8) | 0.004 | 7 (3.5) | 0.43 |
| No | 1907 (97.5) | 269 (96.1) | 39 (100) | 37 (90.2) | 193 (96.5) | ||||
| Preeclampsia | |||||||||
| Yes | 162 (8.3) | 18 (6.4) | 0.29 | 1 (2.6) | 0.20 | 1 (2.4) | 0.18 | 16 (8.0) | 0.98 |
| No | 1793 (91.7) | 262 (93.6) | 38 (97.4) | 40 (97.6) | 184 (92.0) | ||||
| History of preterm | |||||||||
| Yes | 263 (13.5) | 127 (45.4) | < 0.001 | 17 (43.6) | < 0.001 | 15 (36.6) | 0.001 | 95 (47.5) | < 0.001 |
| No | 1692 (86.5) | 153 (54.6) | 22 (56.4) | 26 (63.4) | 105 (52.5) | ||||
| Self reported general health status of mother | |||||||||
| Poor | 85 (4.3) | 29 (10.4) | < 0.001 | 7 (17.9) | 0.001 | 4 (9.8) | 0.01 | 18 (9.0) | 0.01 |
| Fair | 376 (19.3) | 77 (27.5) | 12 (30.8) | 16 (39.0) | 49 (24.5) | ||||
| Good | 1008 (51.6) | 113 (40.4) | 16 (41.0) | 14 (34.1) | 83 (41.5) | ||||
| Very good | 282 (14.4) | 29(10.4) | 2 (5.1) | 3 (7.3) | 24 (12.0) | ||||
| Excellent | 204 (10.4) | 32 (11.4) | 2 (5.1) | 4 (9.8) | 26 (13.0) | ||||
| Mother reported general health status of father | |||||||||
| Poor | 42 (2.1) | 9 (3.2) | 0.16 | 1 (2.6) | 0.16 | 1 (2.4) | 0.11 | 7 (3.5) | 0.27 |
| Fair | 239 (12.2) | 45 (16.1) | 9 (23.1) | 11 (26.8) | 25 (12.5) | ||||
| Good | 954 (48.8) | 123 (43.6) | 21 (53.8) | 17 (41.5) | 85 (42.5) | ||||
| Very good | 419 (21.4) | 56(20.4) | 5 (12.8) | 7 (17.1) | 44 (22.0) | ||||
| Excellent | 301 (15.4) | 47 (16.8) | 3 (7.7) | 5 (12.2) | 39 (19.5) | ||||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Marid | 1896 (97.0) | 268 (95.7) | 0.26 | 33 (84.6) | < 0.001 | 41 (100) | 0.23 | 194 (97.0) | 0.81 |
| Divorced, widowed, separated | 59 (3.0) | 12 (4.3) | 6 (15.4) | 0 | 6(3.0) | ||||
| Housing stability | |||||||||
| Homeless or housing with parents | 172 (8.8) | 24 (8.6) | 0.02 | 3 (7.7) | 0.66 | 2 (4.7) | 0.21 | 19 (9.5) | 0.11 |
| Owned | 422 (21.6) | 41 (14.6) | 6 (15.4) | 5 (11.6) | 30 (15.0) | ||||
| Rent or loan | 1361 (69.6) | 215 (76.8) | 30 (76.9) | 34 (83.7) | 151 (75.5) | ||||
| Education | |||||||||
| uncompleted school | 243 (12.4) | 32 (11.4) | 0.32 | 8 (20.5) | 0.29 | 7 (17.1) | 0.64 | 17 (8.5) | 0.07 |
| completed school or technical College | 477 (24.4) | 80 (28.6) | 9(23.1) | 10 (24.4) | 61 (30.5) | ||||
| University or higher | 1235 (63.2) | 168 (60.0) | 22 (56.4) | 24 (58.5) | 122 (61.0) | ||||
| Employment | |||||||||
| Jobless | 187 (9.6) | 30 (10.7) | 0.89 | 0 | 0.05 | 8 (19.5) | 0.07 | 22 (11.4) | 0.74 |
| Housewife | 545 (27.9) | 73 (26.1) | 17 (43.6) | 6 (14.6) | 50 (25.0) | ||||
| Employee | 1140 (58.3) | 165 (58.9) | 21 (53.8) | 26 (63.4) | 118 (58.4) | ||||
| Student | 83 (4.2) | 12 (4.3) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.4) | 10 (5.0) | ||||
| Income | |||||||||
| ≤ 2 minimum wages | 567 (29.0) | 87 (31.1) | 0.57 | 15 (38.5) | 0.44 | 15(36.6) | 0.48 | 57 (28.5) | 0.51 |
| 2–5 minimum wages | 1132 (57.9) | 162 (57.9) | 20 (51.3) | 20 (51.5) | 122 (61.0) | ||||
| ≥ 6 minimum wages | 256 (13.1) | 31 (11.1) | 4 (10.3) | 6 (14.6) | 21 (10.5) | ||||
| Main breadwinner of family | |||||||||
| Husband | 1463 (74.8) | 197 (70.4) | 0.34 | 23 (59) | 0.16 | 28 (69.8) | 0.81 | 146 (73.0) | 0.92 |
| Wife | 245 (12.5) | 41 (14.6) | 8 (19.5) | 8 (18.6) | 25 (12.5) | ||||
| Both husband and wife | 75 (3.8) | 13 (4.6) | 3 (2.4) | 1 (2.3) | 9 (10.2) | ||||
| Other member | 172 (8.8) | 29 (10.4) | 5 (12.8) | 4 (9.3) | 20(10.0) | ||||
| Working load of husband | |||||||||
| Jobless | 217 (11.1) | 41 (14.6) | 0.22 | 5(12.8) | 0.93 | 7 (17.1) | 0.25 | 29 (14.5) | 0.23 |
| Part time | 467 (23.9) | 56 (20.0) | 8 (20.5) | 9 (21.9) | 39 (19.5) | ||||
| Full time | 647 (33.1) | 90 (32.1) | 12 (30.8) | 17 (41.5) | 61 (30.5) | ||||
| Full time plus part time | 624 (31.9) | 93 (33.2) | 14(35.9) | 8 (19.5) | 71 (35.5) | ||||
| Social support from government | |||||||||
| With | 516 (26.4) | 67 (23.9) | 0.38 | 11 (28.2) | 0.76 | 14 (34.1) | 0.24 | 42 (20.8) | 0.08 |
| Without | 1439 (73.6) | 213 (76.1) | 28 (71.8) | 27 (65.9) | 158 (79.2) | ||||
| Main place for health care | |||||||||
| Government hospital | 1282 (65.6) | 174 (62.1) | 0.39 | 25(64.1) | 0.89 | 24 (55.8) | < 0.001 | 125 (62.5) | 0.48 |
| Private practice | 601 (30.8) | 92 (32.9) | 13 (33.3) | 10 (24.4) | 69 (34.5) | ||||
| Both | 71 (3.6) | 14 (5.0) | 1 (2.6) | 7 (17.1) | 6 (3.0) | ||||
EPTB(gestation < 28 week):Extremely preterm birth
VPTB (28 ≤ gestation < 32 week):Very preterm birth
MLPB (32 ≤ gestation < 37 week):Moderate to late preterm birth