Table 3.

Covariates selected for inclusion into final multivariable models with the area under the curve statistics and adjusted hazard ratios for each cancer site

Cancer site	Covariates included in final model				Model with sex AUC (95% CI)	Male-to-Female HR (95% CI)
	Demographics	General health/Medication	Diet/Lifestyle	Risk behaviors
Thyroid	Age, age2, BMI		White meat consumption		0.587 (0.563, 0.611)	0.55 (0.46, 0.66)
Gallbladder	Age, age2, race, BMI	Height, height2	Red meat consumption		0.653 (0.600, 0.705)	0.33 (0.18, 0.58)
Anus	Age, age2, marital status				0.596 (0.548, 0.644)	1.17 (0.82, 1.69)
Lung	Age, age2, BMI, education, race	1st degree relative w/cancer, height, height2, self-reported health status	Coffee/tea consumption, fruit consumption, grain consumption, red meat consumption, white meat consumption	Alcohol use, cigar/pipe smoking, cigarette smoking	0.739 (0.734, 0.744)	0.99 (0.92, 1.06)
Pancreas	Age, age2, education	Diabetes, self-reported health status	White potato consumption	Cigarette smoking	0.622 (0.609, 0.635)	1.06 (0.91, 1.23)
Small intestine	Age, age2	Self-reported health status	Caloric intake		0.603 (0.567, 0.639)	1.21 (0.91, 1.61)
Colon	Age, age2, BMI	Diabetes, height, height2, Ibuprofen use, self-reported health status	Fiber consumption, oil consumption, physical activity, red meat consumption, white potato consumption	Alcohol use, cigarette smoking	0.632 (0.624, 0.640)	0.99 (0.90, 1.09)
Oral cavity	Age, age2, marital status	Height, height2	Fiber consumption	Alcohol use, cigarette smoking	0.648 (0.620, 0.675)	1.38 (0.99, 1.91)
Rectum	Age, age2, education	Antacid use, diabetes, Ibuprofen use	Red meat consumption	Alcohol use, cigarette smoking	0.634 (0.620, 0.649)	1.36 (1.20, 1.54)
Esophagus – squamous cell	Age, age2, BMI, race	Self-reported health status	Caloric intake	Alcohol use, cigarette smoking	0.739 (0.695, 0.783)	1.46 (0.98, 2.18)
Kidney	Age, age2, BMI	Diabetes, height, height2, self-reported health status	Fiber consumption, grain consumption	Alcohol use, cigarette smoking	0.638 (0.626, 0.651)	1.57 (1.34, 1.83)
Gastric (Cardia)	Age, age2, education	Antacid use, diabetes, height, height2	Coffee/tea consumption, vegetable consumption	Cigarette smoking	0.748 (0.723, 0.772)	3.49 (2.26, 5.37)
Other head & neck	Age, age2	Aspirin use, height, height2		Alcohol use, cigarette smoking	0.653 (0.600, 0.705)	1.33 (0.90–1.97)
Other biliary tract	Age, age2			Cigarette smoking	0.662 (0.628, 0.695)	1.99 (1.47, 2.69)
Skin	Age, age2, BMI education, race	Height, height2	Physical activity, vegetable consumption, white meat consumption	Alcohol use, cigarette smoking	0.650 (0.641, 0.660)	1.42 (1.26, 1.60)
Liver	Age, age2, BMI, marital status, race	Aspirin use, diabetes, self-reported health status	Red meat consumption, white meat consumption	Alcohol use, cigarette smoking	0.726 (0.705, 0.748)	2.60 (2.06, 3.28)
Oropharynx	Age, age2, race		Coffee/tea consumption, grain consumption	Alcohol use, cigarette smoking	0.687 (0.662, 0.713)	2.57 (1.99, 3.33)
Bladder	Age, age2, race	Antacid use, diabetes, 1st degree relative w/cancer, self-reported health status	Coffee/tea consumption, fiber consumption	Cigar/pipe smoking, cigarette smoking	0.728 (0.717, 0.738)	3.33 (2.93, 3.79)
Larynx	Age, age2, race	1st degree relative w/cancer, height, height2, self-reported health status	Fiber consumption	Alcohol use, cigarette smoking	0.756 (0.735, 0.777)	3.53 (2.46, 5.06)
Gastric (Non-cardia)	Age, age2, race	Ibuprofen use	Physical activity	Alcohol use, cigarette smoking, coffee/tea consumption	0.708 (0.680, 0.735)	2.21 (1.72–2.84)
Esophagus – adenocarcinoma	Age, age2, BMI, race	Antacid use, 1st degree relative w/cancer		Cigarette smoking	0.781 (0.764, 0.798)	10.80 (7.33, 15.90)

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve statistic; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; and HR, hazard ratio