Figure 4.

Trajectory of an electron with a pitch angle of 28° calculated with a relativistic gyromotion test particle simulation during a simulated geomagnetic storm with Dst = −60 nT. The perspective of this image shows that the electron is mirroring at higher latitude than in Figure 2. The change in L‐shell is visible looking at the external (internal) envelop that represents the drift trajectory at the equator (mirror point).