. 2024 Nov 21;60:31–38. doi: 10.1540/jsmr.60.31

Table 1. Contractions induced by KCl, 5-HT, and NAd in the saphenous veins as normalized by the internal diameter.

		KCl (60 mmol/l)	5-HT (10 µmol/l)	NAd (10 µmol/l)
Control		0.50 ± 0.06 (94)	0.85 ± 0.12 (62)	0.54 ± 0.13 (12)
Varicose vein		0.25 ± 0.02 (105)^a	0.55 ± 0.05 (48)^a	0.21 ± 0.02 (82) ^a

Varicose vein
	Group 1 (ID: 3–4.5 mm)	0.41 ± 0.03 (29)	0.61 ± 0.08 (17)	0.51 ± 0.08 (10)
	Group 2 (ID: 4.5–6 mm)	0.41 ± 0.06 (22)	0.69 ± 0.09 (19)	0.42 ± 0.07 (14)
	Group 3 (ID: >6 mm)	0.09 ± 0.01 (54) ^{b, c, d}	0.24 ± 0.09 (12) ^b	0.10 ± 0.01 (58) ^{b, c, d}

Contractions are expressed as g/internal diameter (mm). Values are presented as the means ± standard error of the mean obtained from different numbers (n) of ring preparations shown within parentheses. ^aP<0.05 versus control (using the unpaired Student’s t-test with Welchi’s correction). ^bP<0.05, control versus group 3. ^cP<0.05, group 1 versus group 3. ^dP<0.05, group 2 versus group 3 (using a one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test). KCl: potassium chloride; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; NAd: noradrenaline; ID: internal diameter.