Table 3.
Multivariate Cox regression model determining the association between glycemic indices variability and incidence of retinopathy.
| p-value | Hazard ratio | 95% confidence interval | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV-FBS | 0.003 | 12.289 | 2.359 | 64.008 |
| CV-2HPP | 0.467 | 0.536 | 0.100 | 2.878 |
| CV-HbA1c | 0.095 | 4.770 | 0.763 | 29.823 |
| CV-cholesterol | 0.003 | 36.592 | 3.354 | 399.245 |
| CV-HDL | 0.024 | 13.659 | 1.400 | 133.290 |
| CV-LDL | 0.042 | 1.138 | 1.021 | 1.934 |
| CV-TG | 0.882 | 0.909 | 0.258 | 3.205 |
| CV-SBP | 0.919 | 1.090 | 0.206 | 5.769 |
| CV-DBP | 0.548 | 0.512 | 0.058 | 4.552 |
| CV-Creatinine | 0.019 | 4.238 | 1.262 | 14.234 |
| CV-Albuminuria | 0.348 | 1.228 | 0.800 | 1.887 |
| CV-Uric acid | 0.284 | 1.546 | 0.696 | 3.431 |
| CV-weight | 0.805 | 1.094 | 0.538 | 2.223 |
| Association between incidence of retinopathy and glycemic indices variability | ||||
| Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | p-value | ||
| CVFBS5% | 1.036 | 0.108–9.925 | 0.975 | |
| CVFBS10% | 2.522 | 1.320–4.819 | 0.003 | |
| CVFBS20% | 1.454 | 1.232–1.715 | <0.001 | |
| CV2HPP5% | 0.999 | 0.997–1.001 | 0.557 | |
| CV2HPP10% | 3.224 | 1.988–10.528 | 0.039 | |
| CV2HPP20% | 1.157 | 0.955–1.401 | 0.129 | |
| CVHBA1c5% | 1.981 | 1.163–3.372 | 0.009 | |
| CVHBA1c10% | 1.115 | 0.978–1.271 | 0.093 | |
| CVHBA1c20% | 0.996 | 0.975–1.017 | 0.689 | |
FBS, fasting blood sugar; 2hpp, 2-h post-prandial blood glucose level; HbA1C, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; BMI, body mass index.