Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 Nov 20;635(8039):690–698. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08172-8

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — a, Overview of HNOCA construction pipeline. b, Metadata of biological samples included in HNOCA. c–f, UMAP of the integrated HNOCA, coloured by level 2 cell type annotations (c), gene expression profiles of selected markers (d), sample ages (e) and differentiation protocol types (f). g, Proportions of cells assigned to different cell types in the HNOCA. Every stacked bar represents one biological sample, grouped by datasets and ordered by increasing sample ages. Top bars show 36 datasets, organoid differentiation protocols, protocol types. Bottom bars show the sample age. h, UMAP of the integrated HNOCA coloured by top-ranked diffusion component (DC1) on the real-time-informed transition matrix between cells. The stream arrows visualize the inferred flow of cell states toward more mature cells. i, Marker gene expression profiles along cortical pseudotime. j, UMAP of non-telencephalic neurons, coloured and labelled by clusters. k, Heatmap showing relative expression of selected genes across different non-telencephalic neuron clusters. Coloured dots show cluster identities as shown in j. Cb, cerebellum; ChP, choroid plexus; CP, choroid plexus; Hy, hypothalamus; max., maximum; MB, midbrain; MH, medulla; min., minimum; Oligo, oligodendrocyte; OPC, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell; PSC, pluripotent stem cell; telen., telencephalon; Th, thalamus; vTelen, ventral telencephalon.