Fig. 4. Partial and interactive effects of fuel structure and topo-weather on fire severity.

Slope estimates (β₁), standardized by z-score, represent the partial linear effects of (a) fuel structure, (b) topographic and weather variables, or “topo-weather”, and (c) their interaction on wildfire severity from a series of spGLMMs. Across all combinations of fuel structure and topo-weather, standardized partial effects correspond to the linear effect of a given predictor on dNBR-based severity (response) after accounting for the effect of the other predictor, plus its interaction. Median posterior estimate (points) and associated 95% credible interval (error bars); terms not significant (open symbol) when the credible interval includes zero (dashed vertical line).