Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of the contamination of intraoperative lavage fluid.
| Variables | Lavage fluid culture negative (n = 34) | Lavage fluid culture positive (n = 71) | P | OR (95%CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median, IQR), years | 59.5 (52.0-68.5) | 65.0 (55.0–71.0) | 0.024 | 1.001 (0.957–1.046) | 0.979 |
| BMI (mean ± SD), kg/m2 | 22.3 ± 2.6 | 22.5 ± 2.7 | 0.651 | ||
| Gender, n (%) | 0.857 | ||||
| Male | 19 (55.9) | 41 (57.7) | |||
| Female | 15 (44.1) | 30 (42.3) | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 10 (29.4) | 24 (33.8) | 0.653 | ||
| DM, n (%) | 6 (17.6) | 11 (15.5) | 0.779 | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | 9 (26.5) | 25 (35.2) | 0.370 | ||
| Drinking, n (%) | 8 (23.5) | 18 (25.4) | 0.840 | ||
| Preoperative jaundice, n (%) | 14 (41.2) | 33 (46.5) | 0.609 | ||
| PBD, n (%) | 5 (14.7) | 35 (49.3) | 0.001 | 7.687 (2.164–27.300) | 0.002 |
| TB (median, IQR), µmol/L | 15.7 (9.1–94.1) | 15.7 (8.3–72.9) | 0.007 | 0.992 (0.983–1.087) | 0.095 |
| Alb (mean ± SD), g/L | 38.5 ± 3.0 | 38.3 ± 3.2 | 0.719 | ||
| CRP (median, IQR), mg/L | 3.6 (2.5–5.1) | 4.1 (2.8–10.2) | 0.002 | 1.083 (0.986–1.189) | 0.094 |
| Hb (mean ± SD), g/L | 122.6 ± 17.9 | 117.7 ± 20.9 | 0.242 | ||
| Pathology, n (%) | 0.232 | ||||
| PDAC | 13 (38.2) | 19 (26.8) | |||
| Others | 21 (61.8) | 52 (73.2) | |||
| Type of operation, n (%) | 0.549 | ||||
| Open | 34 (100.0) | 68 (95.8) | |||
| Laparoscopic | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.2) | |||
| Vessel resection, n (%) | 0.643 | ||||
| Yes | 2 (5.9) | 6 (8.5) | |||
| No | 32 (94.1) | 65 (91.5) | |||
| Pancreatic consistency, n (%) | 0.647 | ||||
| Hard | 5 (14.7) | 13 (18.3) | |||
| Soft | 29 (85.3) | 58 (81.7) | |||
| Diameter of MPD (median, IQR), mm | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 0.841 | ||
| Operation time (median, IQR), min | 292.5 (203.8–342.5) | 300.0(250.0–365.0) | 0.618 | ||
| Blood loss volume (median, IQR), ml | 300.0 (200.0–400.0) | 300.0 (200.0–500.0) | 0.388 | ||
| Blood transfusion (median, IQR), ml | 300.0 (200.0–400.0) | 300.0 (200.0–500.0) | 0.323 |
POD: postoperative day; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; PBD: preoperative biliary drainage; TB: total bilirubin, Hb: hemoglobin; Alb: albumin; PD: pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPPD: pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; MPD: main pancreatic duct; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; CRP: C-reactive protein.