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. 2024 Nov 20;14:28796. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78894-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A picture of the retina during examination by the Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (SLO). The retina and the stimuli are displayed simultaneously in real time. Due to the optics of the device, the examiner sees the image and the stimulus upside down, but the participant sees the stimulus upright (white on a red background). (a) Retinal image of a right eye with foveola (the center of the fovea) fixating a small fixation cross in the center and 4 crosses in the periphery (20 × 10° window of interest, to present the relative size ratio). The horizontal crosses were 16.1° apart and the vertical ones 8.8°) (b) Retinal image with the fovea fixating a Chinese character, here “king” (upside down).