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. 2024 Nov 20;15:10070. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54452-2

Fig. 2. Solanum NLRs are able to recognize conserved effectors of multiple Phytophthora species and confer resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Fig. 2

a Eight Solanum NLRs, except for Rpi-amr3 (results presented with asterisk mark as HR*/-* were previously reported in Witek et al.43; Lin et al.20), were co-expressed with their putative corresponding effectors of multiple Phytophthora species in N. benthamiana leaves. The number of HR positive/tested effectors are presented as fraction for each case (blank space means not tested). Average bit-scores obtained by comparing 69 cloned effectors against each reference avirulence effector of P. infestans are presented as heatmap. b Average lesion size of four Phytophthora species on N. benthamiana leaves expressing one of the eight Solanum NLRs and GFP (used as negative control, normalized to 1.0) are presented as box plot, the dots show individual values, while the boxes display the first quartile, median, and third quartile, with whiskers extending to the smallest and largest values. Statistical significances were calculated from unpaired t-test (two-tailed *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001; nd: non-determined). The number of replicates is presented in the corresponding Supplementary Figs. 7–12. c Representative image of reduced lesion of P. capsici (40476) on R1-expressed half compared to the GFP-expressed area in N. benthamiana leaf and bar graph presenting average lesion size (left), image and graph for the case of R8 (right). Statistical significances were calculated from unpaired t-test (two-tailed ****P < 0.0001) and presented with the error bands (percentiles indicate average lesion size of R1 or R8/GFP-expressed leaves). d Representative images of R1-mediated cell death when co-expressed with Avr1 homologs of P. capsici (left), and R8-mediated cell death against Avr8 homologs of P. capsici (right).