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. 2024 Nov 21;39(6):daae153. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daae153

Table 2:

Number of sources that include instances of intimidation, by intimidation type and industry sector

Number of sources by sector
Type of intimidation Tobacco UPF SSB Alcohol Sector unclear Total
PR Grey PR Grey PR Grey PR Grey PR Grey PR Grey All
Public discreditation totala 16 3 1 9 2 1 2 4 0 0 20 12 32
Traditional mediab 9 (Drope and Chapman, 2001; Landman et al., 2002; Ibrahim et al., 2004; Bornhäuser et al., 2006; Smith and Malone, 2007; Schneider and Glantz, 2008; Landman and Glantz, 2009; Thomson, 2009; Patanavanich and Glantz, 2021) 0 1 (Baker et al., 2021) 3 (Pollan, 2006; Heisel, 2011; Taubes and Kearns Couzens, 2012) 2 (Vedwan, 2007; Johnson, 2020) 0 0 2 (Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, 2017; RESYST, 2019) 0 0 12 5 17
Social mediac 1 (Patanavanich and Glantz, 2021) 3 (Hager, 2014; Daube, 2015; Espiner, 2021) 0 5 (CCF, 2004, 2010; Hager, 2014; Espiner, 2021; Mialon, 2021) 1 ( Hager, 2014 ) 0 2 (Hager, 2014; Espiner, 2021) 0 0 0 0 12
Otherd 8 (Malone, 2002; Hiilamo, 2003; Knight and Chapman, 2004; White and Bero, 2004; Schneider and Glantz, 2008; Yang and Malone, 2008; Petticrew et al., 2015; Hoe et al., 2021) 0 0 1 (Peres, 2017) 0 0 2 (Avery et al., 2016; Matanje Mwagomba et al., 2018) 0 0 0 0 0 11
Legal threats/action 9 (Bialous et al., 2001; Hiilamo, 2003; Ibrahim et al., 2004; White and Bero, 2004; Ibrahim and Glantz, 2006, 2007; McDaniel et al., 2006; Landman and Glantz, 2009; Goel et al., 2021) 0 2 (Anaenene, 2013; Sasson, 2016) 1 (Mialon, 2021) 1 (Vedwan, 2007) 1 (Jacobs and Richtel, 2017) 0 0 0 0 12 2 14
Complaints to government bodies/international organizations/national and international authorities 7 (Bialous et al., 2001; White and Bero, 2004; McDaniel et al., 2006; Assunta et al., 2017; Egbe et al., 2019; Willemsen and Fooks, 2019; Patanavanich and Glantz, 2021) 0 1(Brownell and Warner, 2009) 0 0 1 (Jacobs and Richtel, 2017) 0 0 0 0 8 1 9
Complaints to the individual or organization 0 0 1 (Baker et al., 2021) 3 (Boseley, 2003; Freudenberg, 2007; Heisel, 2011) 0 1 (Lorenzo, 2019) 0 0 0 1 (Mialon, 2021) 1 5 6
Surveillance 5 (Malone, 2002; Knight and Chapman, 2004; White and Bero, 2004; Carlini et al., 2006; McDaniel et al., 2006) 1 (Simpson, 2005) 0 1 (Chatterjee, 2013) 0 3 (Huehnergarth, 2016; Jacobs and Richtel, 2017; Nestle, 2018) 0 0 0 1 (Mialon, 2021) 5 5 10
Freedom of information requests 6 (White and Bero, 2004; Carlini et al., 2006; Ibrahim and Glantz, 2006, 2007; Fallin and Glantz, 2015; Goel et al., 2021) 1 (Hager, 2014) 0 1 (Hager, 2014) 0 1 (Hager, 2014) 0 1 (Hager, 2014) 0 1 (Mialon, 2021) 6 2 8
Physical threats/violence 2 (Dharma N Mejia et al., 2008; Bhatta et al., 2020) 2 (Campbell and Meikle, 2012; McNeil, 2018) 0 0 0 2 (Jacobs and Richtel, 2017; Lorenzo, 2019) 0 0 0 0 2 4 6
Bribery 3 (Dharma N Bhatta et al., 2020; D. N. Bhatta et al., 2020; Goel et al., 2021) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Cyberattacks 0 0 0 0 0 2 (Jacobs and Richtel, 2017; Mialon, 2021) 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
Theft/burglary 0 1 (TobaccoTactics, 2020) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Other or unspecified threat/intimidation 8 (Balbach et al., 2000; Hiilamo, 2003; Adamini et al., 2011; Charoenca et al., 2012; Fallin and Glantz, 2015; McDaniel and Malone, 2020; Goel et al., 2021; Hoe et al., 2021
)
1 (Mialon, 2021) 0 1 (Mialon, 2021) 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 9

aTotals add up to more than the total number of articles in the review as some of the grey literature, the articles (in bold), discuss more than one industry. For the public discreditation, total score we counted the total unique sources overall even though some sources listed more than one public discreditation type (e.g. social media and other or traditional media and social media). Where a source included the same type of intimidation on several different targets, this is only counted once.

bincludes discreditation through traditional media such as print newspapers and online statements on websites.

cSocial media websites such as Facebook.

dOther methods of public discreditation including public consultation responses, t-shirts with discreditation campaigns or unspecified methods of public discreditation.