Figure 1.

Principles of competitive and noncompetitive methods for the determination of SMAs. (A) Competitive approach. (B) Sandwich-type assay based on biotinylation of a target SMA. (C) Solid-phase immobilized epitope immunoassay. (D) Anti-idiotype antibody-based idiometric assay. (E) Special separation-based immunoassay. (F) Flow injection enzyme immunoassays. (G) Open sandwich immunoassay. (H) Displacement of labeled analyte-based immunoassay. (I) Special sensor-based immunoassay. (J) Quenchbody-based immunoassay. (K) Direct double antibody sandwich assay. (L) Anti-IC antibody-based immunoassay.