Figure 3. Survival Curves Generated From Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Models for Time to Incident Cancer by Drug Class Exposure and Adjusted for Covariates.

Models adjusted for individual covariates: demographic characteristics (age, sex, geographic region, and year of initiating biologic), proxies of rheumatoid arthritis severity (glucocorticoid and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug prescription fills and number of drug switches), clinical characteristics (number of days from rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis to biologic initiation, tobacco use, frailty status,^16,17 and Charlson comorbidity score¹⁸), and health care utilization within 12 months prior to starting treatment (hospital admissions, emergency department visits, outpatient visits, opioid or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescription fills, and number of days of follow-up). HR indicates hazard ratio, IL-6i, interleukin 6 inhibitor; JAKi, Janus kinase inhibitor; and TNFi, tumor necrosis factor inhibitor.