Table 3.

General and sex-specific effects of genetically predicted vitamin D on atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic stroke in the UK Biobank (n = 392,010)

Clinical endpoint	Demographic stratification			Mendelian randomization estimates
	Age	Sex		Odds ratio [OR (95% CI)]	p value
AF and ischemic stroke (n = 17,908, out of 392,010)	All people	Both		0.99 (0.79 to 1.24)	0.96
		Men		1.04 (0.79 to 1.37)	0.77
		Women		0.91 (0.62 to 1.32)	0.61
	<50 years old	Both		0.36 (0.14 to 0.94)	0.04*
		Men		0.28 (0.09 to 0.91)	0.03*
		Women		0.60 (0.11 to 3.22)	0.55
	≥50 years old	Both		1.05 (0.84 to 1.33)	0.66
		Men		1.12 (0.97 to 1.30)	0.42
		Women		0.93 (0.76 to 1.13)	0.71
AF (n = 14,878, out of 392,010)	All people	Both		0.94 (0.74 to 1.19)	0.63
		Men		0.95 (0.71 to 1.29)	0.76
		Women		0.91 (0.60 to 1.40)	0.61
	<50 years old	Both		0.24 (0.08 to 0.72)	0.01*
		Men		0.25 (0.07 to 0.92)	0.04*
		Women		0.22 (0.03 to 1.71)	0.15
	≥50 years old	Both		1.01 (0.79 to 1.30)	0.95
		Men		1.02 (0.75 to 1.39)	0.88
		Women		0.97 (0.63 to 1.50)	0.9

*p<0.05. Based on the genetic score comprising of 6 genetic variants (rs10741657 in CYP2R1, rs10745742 in AMDHDL, rs12785878 in DHCR7, rs17216707 in CYP24A1, rs3755967 in GC and rs8018720 in SEC23A) from a genome-wide association study of Vit-D, consistent with a previous MR study.