Table 1.
Cohort Characteristics
| n | N | |
|---|---|---|
| Birth weight (grams), mean (SD) | 717 | 871 (259) |
| <10th percentile weight (Fenton) | 717 | 81 (11.3) |
| Gestational age (weeks), mean (SD) | 717 | 26.4 (1.7) |
| 22 0/7-22 6/7 weeks | 717 | 11 (1.5%) |
| 23 0/7-23 6/7 weeks | 717 | 68 (9.5%) |
| 24 0/7-24 6/7 weeks | 717 | 66 (9.2%) |
| 25 0/7-25 6/7 weeks | 717 | 132 (18.4%) |
| 26 0/7-26 6/7 weeks | 717 | 126 (17.6%) |
| 27 0/7-27 6/7 weeks | 717 | 128 (17.9%) |
| 28 0/7-28 6/7 weeks | 717 | 186 (25.9%) |
| Sex (female) | 717 | 351 (49.0%) |
| Multiple gestation | 717 | 165 (23.0%) |
| Born outside study center | 717 | 64 (8.9%) |
| Clinical chorioamnionitis | 591 | 13 (2.2%) |
| Histological chorioamnionitis | 591 | 212 (35.9%) |
| Antenatal steroids: None | 696 | 59 (8.5%) |
| Antenatal steroids: Complete courses only, mean (SD) | 694 | 0.76 (0.58) |
| Mode of birth: C-section | 717 | 486 (67.8%) |
| Infant race: | ||
| Black | 717 | 354 (49.4%) |
| White | 717 | 326 (45.5%) |
| Asian | 717 | 13 (1.8%) |
| North American Indian/Native Alaskan | 717 | 3 (0.4%) |
| Other | 717 | 2 (0.3%) |
| Unknown | 717 | 19 (2.6%) |
| Infant ethnicity: Hispanic | 717 | 118 (16.5%) |
| Maternal age (yrs), mean (SD) | 717 | 29.4 (6.1) |
| Baby’s health insurance: Medicaid/Public | 712 | 450 (63.2%) |
| Baby’s health insurance: Private | 712 | 238 (33.4%) |
| Maternal hypertension | 622 | 250 (40.2%) |
| Maternal hypertension: Pre-existing | 607 | 139 (22.9%) |
| Maternal diabetes mellitus: Gestational diabetes | 603 | 32 (5.3%) |
| Maternal diabetes mellitus: Pre-existing | 599 | 36 (6.0%) |
| Maternal asthma during pregnancy | 597 | 62 (10.4%) |
| Antepartum hemorrhage | 597 | 96 (16.1%) |
| Medications to prolong pregnancy | 677 | 243 (35.9%) |
| Maternal tobacco smoking | 611 | 73 (11.9%) |
| Maternal opiates (oral/iv) or sedatives or other illicit drugs * | 613 | 77 (12.6%) |
| Apgar at 1 minute, mean (SD) | 704 | 4.3 (2.4) |
| Apgar at 5 minutes, mean (SD) | 704 | 6.5 (2.0) |
| Resuscitation at birth: Bag & mask (NIPPV in REDCap) | 712 | 548 (77.0%) |
| Resuscitation at birth: Intubation | 712 | 384 (53.9%) |
| Resuscitation at birth: Chest compression | 712 | 14 (2.0%) |
| Resuscitation at birth: Epinephrine | 712 | 4 (0.6) |
| Prophylactic indomethacin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen | 710 | 268 (37.7%) |