Table 2.
Gene contents of chloroplast genome in 13 Amorphophallus species
| Function | Gene group | Name of genes |
|---|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | Subunits of ATP synthase | atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF*, atpH, atpI |
| Subunits of NADH-dehydrogenase | ndhA*, ndhB*(× 2), ndhC, ndhD, ndhE | |
| ndhF, ndhG, ndhH, ndhI, ndhJ, ndhK | ||
| Subunits of cytochrome b/f complex | petA, petB*, petD*, petG, petN, petL | |
| Subunits of photosystem I | psaA, psaB, psaC, psaI, psaJ | |
| Subunits of photosystem II | psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE | |
| psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbK, | ||
| psbL, psbM, psbN, psbT, psbZ | ||
| Subunits of rubisco | rbcL | |
| Self-replication | Small subunit of ribosome | rps11, rps12*(× 2), rps14, rps15, rps16* |
| rps18, rps19, rps2, rps3, rps4, rps7(× 2), rps8 | ||
| Large subunit of ribosome | rpl2* (× 2), rpl14, rpl16*, rpl20, rpl22, | |
| rpl23(× 2), rpl32, rpl33, rpl36 | ||
| DNA-dependent RNA polymerase | rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1*, rpoC2 | |
| Ribosomal RNA genes | rrn16(× 2), rrn23(× 2), rrn4.5(× 2), rrn5(× 2) | |
| Transfer RNA genes | trnA-UGC(2)*, trnC-GCA, trnD-GUC, trnE-UUC, trnF-GAA | |
| trnG-GCC, trnG-UCC*, trnH, trnI-GAU(×2)*, trnM-CAU(× 3) | ||
| trnK-UUU*, trnL-UAA*, trnL-CAA(× 2), trnL-UAG, trnN-GUU(× 2) | ||
| trnP-UGG, trnQ-UUG (× 3), trnR-UCU, trnR-ACG(× 2), trnS-GCU | ||
| trnS-UGA, trnS-GGA, trnT-UGU, trnT-GGU, trnV-UAC* | ||
| trnV-GAC(× 2), trnW-CCA, trnY-GUA, trnfM-CAU | ||
| other genes | Maturase | matK |
| Protease | clpP** | |
| Envelope membrane protein | cemA | |
| Acetyl-CoA carboxylase | accD* | |
| c-type cytochrome synthesis | ccsA | |
| translation initiation factor | infA | |
| Genes of unknown function | Conserved open reading frames | ycf1b (c×2), ycf2(× 2), ycf3**, ycf4, ycf68*(× 2)a |
*genes containing one intron
**genes containing two introns; (×2) genes with two copies; (×3) genes with three copies
aycf68 is only present in two chloroplast genomes of A. albus Kunming and A. konja
bgene was one in A. albus Kunming, A. konja and A. yunnanensis
cgenes are two copies four chloroplast genomes of A. muelleri ‘zhuyajin1’, Amorphophallus SP., A. titanum and A. Krause Kunming; ①: ndhA has no intron in two chloroplast genomes of A. albus Kunming and A. konja; ②: rpl23 has only one copy in chloroplast genome of A. coaetaneus, and this gene is absent in the chloroplast genomes of A. yunnanensis and A.tonkinensis; ③: trnA-UGC has no intron in two chloroplast genomes of A. albus Kunming and A. konja; ④: trnK-UUU has no intron in chloroplast genome of A. tonkinensis; ⑤: trnL-UAA has no intron in chloroplast genome of A. coaetaneus; ⑥: rpl16 has no intron in chloroplast genome of A. krausei;⑦: trnQ-UUG has three copies only in chloroplast genome of A. coaetaneus; ⑧: infA is only present in chloroplast genome of A.titanum. ⑨ accD has one intron only in three chloroplast genomes of A. albus, A. konja and A. coaetaneus