Table 2.
Multivariable logistic regression showing factors associated with non-remission and non-response
| Whole sample (n = 4153) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-remissiona (n = 784) | Non-responseb (n = 956) | |||||
| aOR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | p | |
| Personal background factors | ||||||
| Male sex | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| Female sex | 1.09 | 0.87–1.35 | 0.47 | 1.15 | 0.93–1.41 | 0.19 |
| Age | 1.00 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.67 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.42 |
| Years of education | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.32 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.19 |
| Not receiving social security assistance | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| Receiving social security assistance | 1.35 | 1.11–1.65 | 0.002 | 1.19 | 0.99–1.43 | 0.061 |
| Living with others | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| Living alone | 0.85 | 0.71–1.01 | 0.070 | 0.97 | 0.82–1.14 | 0.70 |
| Prior stress exposure | ||||||
| No history of abuse | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| Has history of abuse | 1.49 | 1.02–2.18 | 0.037 | 1.32 | 0.88–1.97 | 0.19 |
| Psychiatric and physical illness history | ||||||
| No diagnosis of depression/anxiety | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| Has diagnosis of depression/anxiety | 0.87 | 0.69–1.08 | 0.21 | 0.78 | 0.62–0.98 | 0.035 |
| No multimorbidity (< 4 chronic diseases) | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| Has multimorbidity (≥ 4 chronic diseases) | 0.85 | 0.58–1.23 | 0.39 | 0.70 | 0.50–0.98 | 0.037 |
| No chronic pain | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| Has chronic pain | 0.59 | 0.48–0.72 | < 0.001 | 0.76 | 0.64–0.91 | 0.002 |
| Need for informal care | ||||||
| No informal care required for mental health reasons | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| Informal care required for mental health reasons | 1.86 | 1.49–2.33 | < 0.001 | 1.48 | 1.19–1.85 | < 0.001 |
| Cognition | ||||||
| Cognitive capacity (MoCA 5-min) | 0.95 | 0.93–0.97 | < 0.001 | 0.94 | 0.92–0.96 | < 0.001 |
| Current suicidal ideation | ||||||
| No suicidal ideation | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| Has suicidal ideation | 1.32 | 1.08–1.62 | 0.007 | 1.04 | 0.84–1.29 | 0.72 |
| Mental health symptoms | ||||||
| No-to-mild depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 < 10) | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) | 1.41 | 1.18–1.69 | < 0.001 | 0.28 | 0.23–0.34 | < 0.001 |
| No-to-mild anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 < 10) | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| Moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 10) | 2.08 | 1.72–2.51 | < 0.001 | 1.28 | 1.05–1.57 | 0.015 |
| Low loneliness (UCLA3 < 7) | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
| High loneliness (UCLA3 ≥ 7) | 2.00 | 1.66–2.42 | < 0.001 | 1.67 | 1.38–2.01 | < 0.001 |
Statistics significant at the p < 0.05 level are boldfaced. GAD-7 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, MoCA 5-min Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5-min, PHQ-9 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, UCLA3 UCLA 3-item Loneliness Scale
a Non-remission is defined PHQ-9 ≥ 5 post-intervention, which is indicative of failure to achieve clinical remission
b Non-response is defined < 50% reduction in PHQ-9 post-intervention, which is indicative of failure to achieve clinical response