Fig 3.

IgY concentrations in the hemolymph of bees after oral administration with IgY for 1 and 3 days. Adult bees were orally treated with 300 ng/mL IgY in a 50% (wt/vol) sucrose 2% (wt/vol) honey solution or the control [50% (wt/vol) sucrose 2% (wt/vol) honey solution] for 24 (day 1) and 72 h (day 3). The black dots indicate the hemolymph IgY concentration of the individual replicates and the red diamonds indicate the mean for each group. Error bars are ±standard error. Statistically significant levels of IgY were detected in the hemolymph of day 3 bees (mean concentration = 10.1 ng/µL ± 3.1 SE, Z = −3.315, P = 0.010).