Table 1. Clinical characteristics and auxiliary examinations.
| Factors | Total (n = 168) | Hypokalemia (n = 18) | Nhypokalemia (n = 150) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 46.8 ± 14.6 | 60.5 (51.8, 68.8) | 45.2 ± 13.8 | <0.001 |
| Sex (male/female) | 74/94 | 9/9 | 65/85 | 0.590 |
| BMI | 24.7 ± 3.7 | 24.4 (22.4, 27.0) | 24.7 ± 3.9 | 0.981 |
| Hypertension | 55 (32.7%) | 9 (50.0%) | 46 (30.7%) | 0.099 |
| Diabetes | 25 (14.9%) | 5 (27.8%) | 20 (13.3%) | 0.202 |
| Incidental tumor | 36 (21.4%) | 7 (38.9%) | 29 (19.3%) | 0.108 |
| Sphenoid sinusitis | 13 (7.7%) | 3 (16.7%) | 10 (6.7%) | 0.301 |
| Preoperative serum potassium | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 4.1 (3.8, 4.2) | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 0.381 |
| Preoperative serum sodium | 140.1 ± 4.8 | 141.1 (139.0, 142.5) | 140.1 ± 4.9 | 0.979 |
| Preoperative serum calcium | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 (2.2, 2.4) | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 0.369 |
| Preoperative serum albumin | 43.3 ± 3.4 | 42.4 ± 2.4 | 43.4 ± 3.5 | 0.242 |
| Preoperative hyperprolactinemia | 77 (45.8%) | 7 (38.9%) | 70 (46.7%) | 0.531 |
| Preoperative high growth hormone | 28 (16.7%) | 2 (11.1%) | 26 (17.3%) | 0.738 |
| Preoperative hypogonadism | 47 (28.0%) | 4 (22.2%) | 43 (28.7%) | 0.565 |
| Preoperative cortisol hypofunction | 19 (11.3%) | 3 (16.7%) | 16 (10.7%) | 0.715 |
| Tumor height (mm) | 20.2 ± 11.1 | 20.2 (17.3, 26.8) | 19.9 ± 11.2 | 0.284 |
| Maximum diameter of tumor (mm) | 22.8 ± 10.5 | 25.3 (19.4, 28.4) | 22.4 ± 10.5 | 0.177 |
| Tumor volume (cm3) | 10.7 ± 15.8 | 7.1 (4.2, 11.0) | 10.4 ± 15.2 | 0.475 |
| Intratumoral cysts or hematoma | 65 (38.7%) | 6 (33.3%) | 59 (39.3%) | 0.621 |
| Oppress the optic chiasma | 106 (63.1%) | 15 (83.3%) | 91 (60.7%) | 0.060 |
| Knosp grade | 0.673 | |||
| 0 | 29 (17.3%) | 1 (5.6%) | 28 (18.7%) | |
| 1 | 39 (23.2%) | 4 (22.2%) | 35 (23.3%) | |
| 2 | 38 (22.6%) | 4 (22.2%) | 34 (22.7%) | |
| 3 | 37 (22.0%) | 5 (27.8%) | 32 (21.3%) | |
| 4 | 25 (14.9%) | 4 (22.2%) | 21 (14.0%) | |
| Postoperative hyperprolactinemia | 21 (12.5%) | 2 (11.1%) | 19 (12.7%) | 1.000 |
| Postoperative high growth hormone | 11 (6.6%) | 1 (5.6%) | 10 (6.7%) | 1.000 |
| Postoperative pituitary-thyroid axis dysfunction | 73 (43.5%) | 7 (38.9%) | 66 (44.0%) | 0.679 |
| Postoperative pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction | 67 (39.9%) | 9 (50.0%) | 58 (38.7%) | 0.353 |
| Postoperative cortisol dysfunction | 19 (11.3%) | 4 (22.2%) | 15 (10.0%) | 0.249 |
| Postoperative hypoalbuminemia | 31 (18.5%) | 8 (44.4%) | 23 (15.3%) | 0.007 |
| Serum sodium on the first day after surgery | 141.5 ± 3.6 | 141.0 (138.2, 143.1) | 141.6 ± 3.7 | 0.465 |
| Intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks | 33 (19.6%) | 5 (27.8%) | 28 (18.7%) | 0.545 |
| Postoperative DI | 80 (47.6%) | 10 (55.6%) | 70 (46.7%) | 0.491 |
| Pathological tumor type | 0.344 | |||
| Non-functional pituitary adenoma | 32 (19.1%) | 2 (11.1%) | 30 (20%) | |
| GH-pituitary adenoma | 19 (11.3%) | 0 (0%) | 19 (12.7%) | |
| PRL-pituitary adenoma | 33 (19.6%) | 1 (5.6%) | 32 (21.3%) | |
| FSH-pituitary adenoma | 41 (24.4%) | 9 (50.0%) | 32 (21.3%) | |
| ACTH-pituitary adenoma | 29 (17.3%) | 6 (33.3%) | 23 (15.3%) | |
| TSH-pituitary adenoma | 4 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (2.7%) | |
| Plurihormonal adenomas | 10 (6.0%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (6.7%) |
Note:
Values are mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or number (percentage). DI, diabetes insipidus; GH, growth hormone; PRL, prolactin; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone. Significant P values are shown in bold.