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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 21.
Published in final edited form as: J Orthop Sports Med. 2024 Oct 22;6(4):231–248. doi: 10.26502/josm.511500167

Table 2:

Coronal and Transverse Force Couple Dynamics for Stabilizing the Glenohumeral Joint.

Coronal Force Opposing force relationship between the deltoid muscle and subscapularis- infraspinatus-teres minor
Deltoid pulls the humeral head into abduction, while subscapularis- infraspinatus-teres minor apply a stabilizing, opposing downward and inward counter force.
Transverse Force Opposing force relationship between subscapularis and infraspinatus-teres minor
Subscapularis pulls the humeral head anteriorly during internal rotation, while infraspinatus-teres minor apply a stabilizing, opposing inward counterforce.