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. 2024 Nov 21;132(11):117005. doi: 10.1289/EHP14426

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EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted.

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Figure 1A is a schematic illustration flowchart with three steps. Step 1: Female zebrafish lays eggs and male zebrafish has decabromodiphenyl ethane-exposed sperm. This led to artificial fertilization. Step 2: Artificial fertilization led to fertilized embryos. Step 3: Fertilized embryos led to zebrafish larvae. Figures 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1G are bar graphs, plotting total mobility (percentage), ranging from 0 to 120 in increments of 40; progressive mobility (percentage), ranging from 0 to 80 in increments of 20; linearity (percentage), ranging from 0 to 100 in increments of 20; fertilization rate (percentage), ranging from 50 to 100 in increments of 10; and malformation rate (percentage), ranging from 0 to 20 in increments of 5 (y-axis) across blank control, solvent control, 0.01 micromolar decabromodiphenyl ethane, 0.1 micromolar decabromodiphenyl ethane, 1 micromolar decabromodiphenyl ethane, and 10 micromolar decabromodiphenyl ethane (x-axis). Figure 1F is a clustered bar graph, plotting survival rate (percentage), ranging from 0 to 150 in increments of 50 (y-axis) across 24 hours, 48 hours, and 120 hours (x-axis) for blank control, solvent control, 0.01 micromolar decabromodiphenyl ethane, 0.1 micromolar decabromodiphenyl ethane, 1 micromolar decabromodiphenyl ethane, and 10 micromolar decabromodiphenyl ethane. — Effects of DBDPE ex vivo exposure on zebrafish spermatozoa motility and development of offspring obtained by artificial fertilization. (A) Schematic diagram for ex vivo exposure of zebrafish spermatozoa and artificial fertilization. (B) Total motility (TM) of zebrafish spermatozoa. (C) Progressive motility (PM) of zebrafish spermatozoa. (D) Linearity of zebrafish spermatozoa. Each dot in (A–D) represents one replicate data point (mean value of each test sample). The dot numbers represent the data size ( $lowercase italic n equals 30 to 41$ /group) for statistical analysis. (E) Fertilization rate of zebrafish embryos derived by artificial fertilization using unexposed eggs and DBDPE-exposed sperm ( $lowercase italic n equals 6$ /group). (F) Survival rate determined at 24 h, 48 h, and 120 h post-hatching (hpf) of zebrafish embryos obtained by artificial fertilization ( $lowercase italic n equals 9$ /group). (G) Malformation rate determined at 120 h post-hatching of zebrafish embryos obtained by artificial fertilization ( $lowercase italic n equals 9$ /group). Results are represented as $means \pm standard$ errors of the mean (SEMs). See Table S1 for definitions of total and progressive motility and linearity of spermatozoa. Data are reported in Excel Table S1. Note: DBDPE, decabromodiphenyl ethane; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide. * $lowercase italic p less than 0.05$ indicates a significant difference between DBDPE exposure and solvent control groups, by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test; n.s. indicates no significant difference between blank control and solvent control (0.05% DMSO) groups.